Chemical milling begins with a conventional cleaning of the part, including degreasing, deoxidizing, and drying. 化学蚀刻是从通常的零件清洗开始，包括脱脂， 去氧和干燥。 The area to remain untouched by the etchant are masked with a protective coating. 不受腐蚀损伤的表面区域用防护层覆盖保护起来。
在外圆磨床上，砂轮头转速从每分钟5500转到 6500转之间，而工件的转速在每分ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้60转到125 转之间。
课文分析
Lesson 26 Grinding Machines and机械工程专业英语 Special Metal-removal Process
The depth of cut is controlled by moving the wheel head, which includes both the wheel and its drive motor. 吃刀深度靠移动磨头来控制，磨头包括砂轮及其 驱动电机。
English for Mechanical Engineering
机械工程专业英语
盐城工学院机械工程学院
马如宏
Lesson 26 Grinding Machines and机械工程专业英语 Special Metal-removal Process
一、预备知识
电火花加工：利用刀具电极与工件电极之间脉冲性的火花放 电，产生瞬间高温将金属蚀除。 超声波加工：利用刀具作超声振动，通过工件与刀具之间的 磨料悬浮液而进行加工，由于刀具的超声振动，使悬浮磨粒 以很大的速度、加速度和超声频打击工件，工件表面受击处 产生破碎、裂纹，脱离而成微粒----磨粒撞击和抛磨作用； 磨粒悬浮液产生液压冲击和气穴作用，使液体渗入工件裂纹 处，加强了机械破坏作用，液压冲击也使工件表面损坏而蚀 除 -----气穴作用
Coolants are provided to reduce heat distortion and to remove chips and abrasive dust.
冷却液用来减少热变形，并带走切屑和脱落的磨 料。
课文分析
Lesson 26 Grinding Machines and机械工程专业英语 Special Metal-removal Process
课文分析
Lesson 26 Grinding Machines and机械工程专业英语 Special Metal-removal Process
For example, the entire part may be dipped in the masking material and the mask removed from those areas to be etched, or a chemically resistant adhesive tape may be used to cover the areas to be protected.
三、课文分析 Random point-cutting tools include abrasives in
the shape of a wheel, bonded to a belt, a stick, or simply suspended in liquid. 随机刃切削刀具包括砂轮、砂带或砂辊或直接悬浮 在液体中的各种磨料。
Material removal from ductile materials can be accomplished by using a tool which is harder than the workpiece. 对于塑性材料的零件进行切削，要用比工件硬度 更高的刀具来完成。
课文分析
Lesson 26 Grinding Machines and机械工程专业英语 Special Metal-removal Process
有两种加工工艺：
The first type is based on electrical phenomena and is used primarily for hard materials; the second depends upon chemical dissolution. 第一种是在电现象基础上的加工方式，主要用于 特别硬的材料；第二种是依靠化学腐蚀的加工方 式。
3 . 磨削加工可在相对短的时间内保证尺寸精度， 因为机床可实现万分之一英寸的进给量，而不是像 其他机床进给量通常是千分之一英寸。
课文分析
Lesson 26 Grinding Machines and机械工程专业英语 Special Metal-removal Process
4. Extremely small and thin parts can be finished by this method, since light pressure is used and the tendency for the part to deflect away from the cutter is minimized.
例如，可以将整个零件浸入覆盖材料，然后将覆 盖层从将要被腐蚀的区域除去，也可以使用耐腐 蚀的粘贴带覆盖要保护的区域。
课文分析
Lesson 26 Grinding Machines and机械工程专业英语 Special Metal-removal Process
Masking is followed by etching for a prescribed time, after which the part is rinsed in cold water, the masking removed, the part inspected, and thoroughly cleaned.
However during World War II the widespread use of materials which were as hard or harder than cutting tools created a demand for new materialremoval methods.
三、课文分析
1. It is the most common method for cutting hardened tool steel or other heat-treated steel.
1．它是切削淬硬工具钢或其他热处理钢的最常用 的方法。
Parts are first machined in the un-heat-treated condition, and then ground to the desired dimensions and surface finish.
预备知识
Lesson 26 Grinding Machines and机械工程专业英语 Special Metal-removal Process
二、词汇
a cylindrical grinding machine 外圆磨床 chip 切屑
the depth of cut 吃刀深度 Coolant 冷却液
2．表面光洁度达到0.5μm，而费用并不昂贵。
课文分析
Lesson 26 Grinding Machines and机械工程专业英语 Special Metal-removal Process
3. The grinding operation can assure accurate dimensions in a relatively short time, since machines are built to provide motions in increments of tenthousandths of an inch, instead of thousandths as is common in other machines.
The grinding process is of extreme importance in production work for several reasons. 磨削加工在生产工件中显得极端重要，有如下几 个原因。
课文分析
Lesson 26 Grinding Machines and机械工程专业英语 Special Metal-removal Process
首先零件在热处理前进行切削加工，然后磨削到 所要求的尺寸和表面光洁度。
课文分析
Lesson 26 Grinding Machines and机械工程专业英语 Special Metal-removal Process
2. It can provide surface finish to 0.5um without extreme cost.
从那以后已经研制出许多加工工艺，虽然速度较 低、成本高，但可用精确的而又重复的方式有效 地切去加工余量。
课文分析
Lesson 26 Grinding Machines and机械工程专业英语 Special Metal-removal Process
There are two types of processes.
abrasive dust 磨屑
spindle 主轴 tailstock 尾座
dovetail 燕尾槽
gib 镶条
guard 防护罩 roughing 粗加工
finishing 精加工 surface finish 表面光洁度
词汇
Lesson 26 Grinding Machines and机械工程专业英语 Special Metal-removal Process
4.特别小而薄的零件可用这种方法来完成精加工， 由于施加的磨削压力很小，当砂轮离开工件后引起 的工件变形趋于极小化。