毕业设计说明书

作 者： 学 号：

学 院：

系(专业)： 热能与动力工程

题 目： 空调房间气流组织数值模拟和优化

指导者： 讲师

(姓 名) (专业技术职务)

评阅者：

(姓 名) (专业技术职务)

2012 年 6 月 2 日

毕业设计（论文）中文摘要

题 目 空调房间气流组织数值模拟和优化

摘要：

气流组织对空调室内的空气环境、空气品质有着重要的影响，直接关系着室内的温度、区域流速及空调能耗，是空气调节的一个重要环节。有效地通风和合理的气流组织对于改善室内空气品质，保证实现健康建筑、健康舒适性空调有着重要的意义。

影响空调房间气流组织的主要因素是入口风速、进风口的位置、进回风口的相对位置等，本文首先使用Gambit软件建立物理模型和网格划分，并用Fluent软件进行数值模拟，以直观的方式表示各不同气流组织方案下的气流的温度场和速度场，分析得出对于办公室等类似的空调房间，侧送侧回、上送下回、上送上回、下送上回等四种气流组织都比较适合的。但是侧送侧回和上送上回的气流组织形式更优。

关键词：气流组织 数值模拟 紊流模型 温度场 速度场

毕业设计（论文）外文摘要

Title Numerical simulation of air-conditioned room air

distribution and optimization

Abstract

Airflow-organizing in air-conditioned indoor air environment, air quality

has an important effect is directly related to the indoor temperature,

area, flow rate and air-conditioning energy consumption is an important

part of the air-conditioned. Effective ventilation and airflow

organization has an important significance for improving indoor air

quality, to ensure the realization of healthy buildings, healthy comfort

air conditioning.

The main factors to affect the flow in room inlet velocity, the location

of the air inlet into the return air relative position Firstly, the

establishment of a physical model and mesh using Gambit software, and

numerical simulations using Fluent software, said in an intuitive way the

temperature field and velocity field of airflow under different air

distribution program, analyzing the draw for office and other similar

air-conditioned room, Side of the send side back, on sending the next time,

on to send back, next to send back to the four air distribution are more

appropriate. But the better Side of the send side back and on to send back

on the air current forms of organization.

Keywords：Airflow-organizing;Numerical simulation; Turbulence

model;Temperature field;Velocity field.

目 次

1 引言„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1

1.1 研究的背景及意义„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1

1.2 国内外的研究成果„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1

1.3 本文的主要内容和工作„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 2

2 空调房间的气流组织形式„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3

2.1气流组织的介绍 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

2.2常用的气流组织形式„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

2.2.1侧送侧回„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4

2.2.2上送下回„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4

2.2.3 上送上回„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4

2.2.4 下送上回„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5

3 气流组织和室内舒适性的评价指标„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5

3.1 技术指标„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5

3.2 经济性指标„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7

3.3 适性空调室内空气计算参数„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8

4 空调房间的数值模拟过程„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8

4.1 物理模型的建立„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8

4.2网格的划分„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11

4.3数学模型„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11

4.4在Fluent里的参数„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 13

4.5解算结果及后处理„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14

5 数值模拟结果分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„15

5.1 侧送侧回的结果及分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„15

5.2 异侧下送上回的结果及分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 17

5.3 上送上回的结果及分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„19

5.4 上送下回的结果及分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„20

结论 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„22

参考文献„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 23

致谢„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„25

第1页

1 引言

1．1 研究的背景及意义

随着经济的发展和科技的进步，人们的物质生活水平不断提高，空调的使用越来越普及，人们对居住和工作环境的要求也越来越高，因此对通风空调技术也提出了更高的要求。在空调房间内，气流组织是通风和空调系统的重要组成部分，气流组织直接影响室内空调效果，是关系着房间工作区的温度、湿度基数、精度及区域温差、工作区的气流速度及清洁程度和人们舒适感的重要因素，是一切空调工程设计中必须考虑和重视的问题。有效地通风和合理的气流组织对于改善室内空气品质，实现工作环境健康舒适性有着重要的意义。因此人们希望在建筑规划设计阶段就能详细了解由空调通风所形成的室内空气速度场、温度场、湿度场以及有害物浓度场等的分布情况，从而制定出最佳的气流组织方案[1]。

空调房间内的空气分布与送/回风口的尺寸、形式、数量及位置，送风参数（送风温度，风速），房间的大小及污染源的位置和性质等有关。这些参数直接影响空调室内调节效果，影响室内的温度，风速和室内人员的舒适度，是空气调节的一个重要环节，也是空调设计过程中要重点考虑的一个环节。由于影响空气分布的因素较多，加上实际工程中的具体条件的多样性，因此难于用简单的理论或经验表达式来综合上述诸多因素的影响。目前，在空间气流分布计算方面，较多采用依赖于实验的经验式，由于实验条件的不同，在各种实验结果间存在一定的差异，但在总体规律性方面却基本雷同[2]。

1.2 国内外的研究成果

鉴于空调房间的气流组织形式对能源的损耗、室内空气的品质和人体健康舒适性有着至关重要的作用。国外从20世纪20年代就对此领域展开了研究，如对等温、非等温射流运动规律的研究，送风方式与舒适度关系的研究，各类建筑物不同送/回风方式的研究，室内空气品质的研究等。

在国内，天津大学的马九贤教授于80年代组织建造了国内第一个专门用来对空 第2页

调房间内气流情况进行研究的实验室，并取得了一定的研究成果，为进一步进行房间气流的研究奠定了基础[3]。文献[4][5]得出下送风气流组织的送风口形式、送风进口与人体距离、送风速度和送风温度对人体热舒适的影响。文献[6]利用C02作为示踪气体，研究了空气龄与质点换气效率、房间换气次数之间的关系。

Nielsen等人对空调房间模型内二维流动进行了模拟实验[7]。Zhang G、Morsing和Bjerg等人在Nielsen研究的基础上改变模型房间长宽高等比例进行了模型实验[8]。J.D. Posner等人采用RNG k-ε模型模拟预测模型室的测量[9]。

随着计算机技术的发展，CFD技术开始用于空调房间的气流分析。1974年，丹麦的Nielsen首次将CFD技术应用于空调工程，数值模拟空调房间室内空气流动情况，利用流函数和涡旋公式求解封闭二维流动方程。Chen Qingyan则在1988年利用CFD技术对建筑物能耗、室内空气流动情况以及室内空气品质等问题进行了分析和研究。在2000年Topp、Nielsen和Davidson在全方位通风的房间内，利用CFD方法模拟了在等温壁条件下的空气流动情况[10]。

国内也有众多的研究者利用CFD技术对空调房间气流组织进行优化和研究。1988年，张建忠分析了数值模拟方法在通风空调领域的应用情况，还对常见的工业敞口槽通风问题作了数值计算分析，把问题简化为二维稳定不可压缩的粘性流动[11]。文献[12]利用实验和数值模拟方法研究了空洞建筑上送风情况下空调室内的流场分步情况，指出送风温度和风速是对温度分层高度有重要影响。上述文献虽对空调房间气流组织进行了大量的研究，但只是对工程上某种具体的气流形式的研究没有对不同气流组织形式进行系统、详细地比较。关于空调室内气流组织下的温度详细分布的文献未见报道。

1.3 本文的主要内容和工作

本文以计算流体力学和数值传热学为理论基础，对空调房间的气流组织形式和室内空气三维湍流流动的数值模拟方法进行分析，使用Gambit建立夏季空调房间常见的四种气流组织模型，采用FLUENT软件以直观的方式显示了四种气流组织方案的气流流型，分析讨论其气流分布规律、特点，并将数值计算结果进行处理，并将各种不同送气流组织形式下的温度场和速度场进行对比，总结各种气流组织形式的优缺点。

本文内容安排

1、简述气流组织研究的背景及意义，并简单介绍国内外气流组织研究现状。

2、介绍空调房间气流组织及常用的气流组织形式。