中华人民共和国合同法第四百零三条的释义
Interpretation of Article 403 of the PRC Contract Law
第四百零三条受托人以自己的名义与第三人订立合同时，第三人不知道受托人与委托人之间的代理关系的，受托人因第三人的原因对委托人不履行义务，受托人应当向委托人披露第三人，委托人因此可以行使受托人对第三人的权利，但第三人与受托人订立合同时如果知道该委托人就不会订立合同的除外。
受托人因委托人的原因对第三人不履行义务，受托人应当向第三人披露委托人，第三人因此可以选择受托人或者委托人作为相对入主张其权利，但第三人不得变更选定的相对人。
委托人行使受托人对第三人的权利的，第三人可以向委托人主张其对受托人的抗辩。第三人选定委托人作为其相对人的，委托人可以向第三人主张其对受托人的抗辩以及受托人对第三人的抗辩。
Article 403: Where the agent concludes a contract with a third party in his own name and, at the time of concluding the contract, the third party has no knowledge about the agency relationship between the agent and the principal, if the agent fails to perform its obligation towards the principal due to reasons attributable to the third party, the agent shall disclose the third party to the principal and the principal may on those grounds exercise the rights of the agent against the third party, unless the third party would not have entered into the contract with the agent if at the time of its conclusion he had any knowledge about the principal.
If the agent fails to perform its obligation towards the third party due to reasons attributable to the principal, the agent shall disclose the principal to the third party and the third party has an option on those grounds to claim against either the agent or the principal. However, once selected, the third party may not change the person against whom he claims.
If the principal exercises the rights of the agent against the third party, the third party may set up against the principal the defences which he has against the agent. If the third party opts to claim against the principal, the principal may set up against the third party the defences which he has against the agent as well as the defences which the principal has against the third party.
法条文义解释
Interpretation
本条是对委托人的介入权、第三人的选择权的规定。
This clause provides for the client's right of intervention, and options of the third options.
委托人的介入权，指的是在受托人与第三人的合同关系中，委托人取代受托人的地位，介入到原本是受托人与第三人的合同关系中。委托人行使介入权的条件是：第一，受托人以自己的名义与第三人订立合同，第三人不知道受托人与委托人之间的代理关系，也就是说受托人与第三人是该合同的当事人，该合同对受托人与第三人具有约束力；第二，当第三人不履行合同义务时，间接影响到委托人的利益，这时受托人应当向委托人披露第三人；第三，因受托人的披露，委托人可以行使介入权。委托人行使介入权的，应当通知受托人与第三人。第三人接到通知后，除第三人与受托人订立合同时如果知道该委托人就不会订立合同的以外，委托人取代受托人的地位，该合同对委托人与第三人具有约束力；第四，因受托人的披露，委托人也可以不行使介入权，仍然由受托人处理因第三人违约而产生的问题。
The principal's right to intervene means the right of the principal to replace the agent and be involved in the contract relationships between the agent and a third party. The following conditions shall be satisfied for the exercise of right of intervention by the principal. First, the agent has entered into the contract with the third person in its own name, and the third person does not know the agency relationship between the agent and the principal. Second, when the third party fails to fulfill contractual obligations, indirectly affecting the principal's interests, the agent shall disclose the third Person to the principal. Third, the principal may exercise the right to