SHORTCOMMUNICATIONResearchSolarCellEfficiencyTables(Version34)

MartinA.Green1*,y,KeithEmery2,YoshihiroHishikawa3andWilhelmWarta41ARCPhotovoltaicsCentreofExcellence,UniversityofNewSouthWales,Sydney,2052,Australia

2NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory,1617ColeBoulevard,Golden,CO.,80401,USA

3NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology(AIST),ResearchCenterforPhotovoltaics(RCPV),Central2,Umezono1-1-1,Tsukuba,

Ibaraki,305-8568,Japan4Fraunhofer-InstituteforSolarEnergySystems,Department:SolarCells—MaterialsandTechnology,Heidenhofstr.2;D-79110Freiburg,Germany

Consolidatedtablesshowinganextensivelistingofthehighestindependentlyconfirmedefficienciesforsolarcellsandmodulesarepresented.GuidelinesforinclusionofresultsintothesetablesareoutlinedandnewentriessinceJanuary,2009arereviewed.Copyright#2009JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.

keywords:solarcellefficiency;photovoltaicefficiency;energyconversionefficiencyReceived7May2009

INTRODUCTIONSinceJanuary1993,‘ProgressinPhotovoltaics’haspublishedsixmonthlylistingsofthehighestconfirmedefficienciesforarangeofphotovoltaiccellandmoduletechnologies.1,2Byprovidingguidelinesfortheinclu-sionofresultsintothesetables,thisnotonlyprovidesanauthoritativesummaryofthecurrentstateoftheartbutalsoencouragesresearcherstoseekindependentconfirmationofresultsandtoreportresultsonastandardisedbasis.InthepreviousversionoftheseTables(Version33)2,resultswereupdatedtothenewinternationallyacceptedreferencespectrum(IEC60904-3,Ed.2,2008),wherethiswaspossible.Themostimportantcriterionforinclusionofresultsintothetablesisthattheymusthavebeenmeasuredbyarecognisedtestcentrelistedelsewhere.2Adistinctionismadebetweenthreedifferenteligibleareas:totalarea;apertureareaanddesignatedilluminationarea1.‘Activearea’efficienciesarenotincluded.Therearealsocertainminimumvaluesoftheareasoughtforthedifferentdevicetypes(above0Á05cm2foraconcen-tratorcell,1cm2foraone-suncell,and800cm2foramodule)1.Resultsarereportedforcellsandmodulesmadefromdifferentsemiconductorsandforsub-categorieswithineachsemiconductorgrouping(e.g.crystalline,polycrystallineandthinfilm).

NEWRESULTSHighestconfirmedcellandmoduleresultsarereportedinTablesI,IIandIV.Anychangesinthetablesfromthosepreviouslypublished2aresetinboldtype.Inmostcases,aliteraturereferenceisprovidedthatdescribeseithertheresultreportedorasimilarresult.TableIsummarisesthebestmeasurementsforcellsandsubmodules,TableIIshowsthebestresultsformodulesandTableIVshowsthebestresultsforconcentratorcellsandconcentratormodules.TableIIIcontainswhatmightbedescribedas‘notableexcep-tions’.Whilenotconformingtotherequirementstoberecognisedasaclassrecord,thecellsandmodulesinthisTablehavenotablecharacteristicsthatwillbeofinteresttosectionsofthephotovoltaiccommunitywithentriesbasedontheirsignificanceandtimeliness.

PROGRESSINPHOTOVOLTAICS:RESEARCHANDAPPLICATIONSProg.Photovolt:Res.Appl.2009;17:320–326PublishedonlineinWileyInterScience(www.interscience.wiley.com)DOI:10.1002/pip.911

*Correspondenceto:MartinA.Green,ARCPhotovoltaicsCentreofExcellence,UniversityofNewSouthWales,Sydney,2052,Aus-tralia.yE-mail:m.green@unsw.edu.au

Copyright#2009JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.Toensurediscrimination,TableIIIislimitedtonominally10entrieswiththepresentauthorshavingvotedfortheirpreferencesforinclusion.ReaderswhohavesuggestionsofresultsforinclusionintothisTablearewelcometocontactanyoftheauthorswithfulldetails.Suggestionsconformingtotheguidelineswillbeincludedonthevotinglistforafutureissue(asmallernumberof‘notableexceptions’forconcen-tratorcellsandmodulesadditionallyisincludedinTableIV).SevennewresultsarereportedinthepresentversionoftheseTables.ThefirstnewresultinTableIistheachievementof8Á4%efficiencyreferencedtothenewspectrumfora17cm2dye-sensitisedsubmodulefabricatedbySony3

andmeasuredbytheJapaneseNationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology(AIST).AnothernewresultinTableIisimprovementintheefficiencyto2Á05%foranorganicphotovoltaicsub-module(223Á5cm2inarea)fabricatedbyPlextronics,

TableI.ConfirmedterrestrialcellandsubmoduleefficienciesmeasuredundertheglobalAM1Á5spectrum(1000W/m2)at258C(IEC60904-3:2008,ASTMG-173-03global)

ClassificationaEfficb(%)Areac(cm2)Voc(V)Jsc(mA/cm2)FFd(%)Testcentree(anddate)Description

SiliconSi(crystalline)25Á0Æ0Á54Á00(da)0Á70642Á782Á8Sandia(3/99)fUNSWPERL11

Si(multicrystalline)20Á4Æ0Á51Á002(ap)0Á66438Á080Á9NREL(5/04)fFhG-ISE12Si(thinfilmtransfer)16Á7Æ0Á44Á017(ap)0Á64533Á078Á2FhG-ISE(7/01)fU.Stuttgart(45mmthick)13Si(thinfilmsubmodule)10Á5Æ0Á394Á0(ap)0Á492g29Á7g72Á1FhG-ISE(8/07)fCSGSolar(1–2mmonglass;20cells)14