《有机化学基础》检测题（一）相对原子质量: H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16一、选择题(每题仅有一个选项符合题意，请将选项填写到答案卷上)1. 有机化学主要研究有机化合物所发生的反应，下列化合物中不是有机物的是····()A. CO 2B. C 2H 6C. HCHOD. CH 3OH 2.自然界中化合物的种类最多的是···············································································( ) A. 无机化合物 B. 有机化合物 C. 铁的化合物 D. 碳水化合物 3.下列关于有机化学发展史的说法错误的是·······························································( ) A. 中国科学家成功合成了结晶牛胰岛素，标志着人类合成蛋白质时代的开始 B. 德国化学家李比希提出运用同位素示踪法研究化学反应历程C. 瑞典科学家贝采利乌斯提出有机化学的概念，使之成为化学的一个重要分支D. 德国化学家维勒用氰酸铵合成尿素，从而打破了无机物和有机物的界限4. 某烃的结构简式为CH 3CH 2CH C CCH CH 2CH 3，分子中含有四面体结构的碳原子数为a ，在同一条直线上的碳原子数最多为b ，一定在同一平面内的碳原子数为c ，则a、b、c分别是·················································································································()A. 4、3、5B. 2、5、4C. 4、3、6D. 4、6、45. 被成为“脑黄金”的DHA 是一种高级脂肪酸，它的分子中含6个碳碳双键，学名为二十六碳六烯酸，它的分子组成应是··············································································( ) A. C 25H 51COOH B. C 25H 39COOH C. C 26H 43COOH D. C 26H 47COOH 6. 有机物分子CHCHCCCH 3CH 3中最多有多少个原子共面··········( )A. 12B. 16C. 20D. 247. 下列物质中，碳的质量分数相同的是·········································································( )A. CH 4、C 2H 6B. HCHO 、C 6H 12O 6C. CH 3CH 2OH 、CH 3COOHD. 、CH 38. 已知乙烯分子呈现平面结构且碳碳双键(C ＝C)不能旋转，因此1,2-二氯乙烯可以形成CC ClCl HH和CCClClHH两种不同的空间异构体。

下列各物质中，能形成类似上述两种空间异构体的是········································································································()A. CH 2＝CCl 2B. CH 3CH ＝CH 2C. CH 3CH 2CH ＝CH 2D.CH 3CH ＝CHCH 3 9.具有解热镇痛及抗生素作用的药物“芬必得”主要成分的结构简式为CH 2CH COOHCH CH 3CH 3CH 3，它属于·························································( ) ①芳香族化合物；②脂肪族化合物；③有机羧酸；④有机高分子；⑤芳香烃 A.③⑤ B. ②③ C.①③ D. ①④10. 由C 5H 10、C 3H 6O 2和C 6H 12O 6组成的混合物，经测定含氧元素的质量分数为x ，则此混合物中含碳元素的质量分数为····················································································( ) A.B.C.D. 无法计算11. 有机物CH 3CH 2COOCH 3在1H-NMR 谱图中的谱峰数和一氯代物的数目分别是( ) A. 3、2 B. 2、2 C. 2、3 D. 3、3 12.某同学写出下列烷烃的名称中，正确的是·······························································( ) A. 3, 3 -二甲基丁烷 B. 2, 2 -二甲基丁烷 C. 2 –乙基丁烷 D. 2, 3, 3 –三甲基丁烷 13. 向平衡CH 3COOH + HOCH 2CH 3 CH 3COOCH 2CH 3 + H 2O 浓H 24中加入CH 3CH 218OH ， 则平衡时，含有18O 的物质的种类是···············································································( )A. 1种B. 2种C. 3种D.4种 14. 己烷(C 6H 14) 共有a 种同分异构体，甲苯()共有b 种一氯代物，则a 、b的数值分别为····················································································································()A. 5、3B. 4、4C. 5、4D. 4、3 二、填空题15. 用系统命名法给下列有机物命名，并用键线式表示其结构(填写到答案卷上)。