2008届高考名词从句精析一. 基本概念:A. 什么是名词性从句当一个正确的连词+完整的主语和谓语构成的句子放在一个名词可以充当的成分的位置,起到一个名词的作用时,这个从句就是名词性从句.B. 哪些从句是名词性从句(如何判断名词性从句)1.S + P (系动词) + 表语( + 其他 ):当一个从句放在系动词后面时,这个从句就是表语从句.1.)That is(系动词) a book / what he said/why he didn’t come.S + P 表语表语从句2.)The fact is that he has lied to usS + P 表语从句2.S + P (vt:及物动词) + 宾语( + 其他 ):当一个从句放在vt后面时就是宾语从句1.)He said(vt) nothing at the meeting.S + P 宾语2.)He said (that) he would help us without hesitation.S+ P 宾语从句3.)He asked (vt) what we would like to have for breakfast.S+ P 宾语从句3. S(主语) + P + 其他:当一个从句放在主语位置时,这个从句就是主语从句1.)His mistakes made his teacher angry.主语 + P2.)That he made so many mistakes made his teacher angry.主语从句 P3.) What he said made his teacher angry.主语从句 P*名词性从句是一个重要的考点,难点,因此必须记牢哪些连词可以引导名词性从句及其功能:引导名词性从句的连词及功能:从句连词备注表语从句that,what,who,which,whomwhose(+n),how,why,wherewhen,because,whether,that在从句中不充当任何成分,但不可省略.其他wh-词在从句中一定要充当一个正确的成分(whether除外),所以不可省略.(if不可用与该从句)宾语从句that,what,who,which,whom,whose(+n),how,why,where,when,whether,if(是否)That在从句不充当成分,可省. 其他wh-词在从句中一定要充当一个正确的成分(whether,if除外),所以不可省略.主语从句that,what,who,which,whom,whose(+n),how,why,where,when,whether,(if不可用于该从句That在从句不充当成分,但不可省. 其他wh-词在从句中一定要充当一个正确的成分(whether除外)所以不可省略.(if不可用于该从句*特别注意:(1) what,which,who,whose(+n)在从句中可充当主语,宾语或表语(2)whom 在从句中只可做宾语.(3)how,when,where,why在从句中只可做相应的状语(4)使用名词性从句时,从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开.(5)一些含有内容/信息的名词(fact,news,hope,idea,thought,desire,suggestion,doubt,truth,question,problem, order等)后面可用that或wh-词引导一个同位语从句,对其前面的名词的内容做补充说明: The announcement that a new airport was to be built nearby made us excited.S1 同位语从句 P1We heard the news that the war had broken out between America and Iraq. S1 P1 同位语从句(6)同位语从句与定语从句的区别是:1.) 定语从句前面的名词没有内容或信息含义.2.) 引导定语从句的that在从句中一定要做成分,做宾语时可省略引导同位语从句的that在从句中不做成分,但不可省略.*名词性从句的重要解题步骤:1.)认真读题,分清从句类别2.)根据从句类别,判断适用连词3.)特别注意连词在从句中的作用, 即:连词在从句中充当的成分4.)特别注意哪些连词在哪些从句中不充当成分.5.)特别注意哪些连词在哪些从句中的哪些情况下可以省略.*如何判断名词性从句的类别之图表记忆法:1.主语从句: That / Wh-词 + S1 + P2… + P1 + 其他S1(主语从句)2.表语从句: S1 + P1(系动词be / seem / appear) + that / wh-词 + S2 + P2 + 其表语(从句)3.宾语从句: S1 + P1(vt) + that / wh-词 / whether / if (是否) + S2 + P2 + 其他宾语(从句)另需注意:由动词+介词构成的动词词组后面的从句及一些介词,介词词组后面的从句,也是宾语从句: v+prep + wh-词+ S + P + 其他宾语(从句)prep + wh-词 + S + P + 其他宾语(从句)如:You must pay enough attention to what the teacher has told you.(what在从句中作_____语)The poll will give us information about who is likely to be elected president this time. (who在从句中作_____语)The film is set in what was once called “the Long Beach”(what在从句中作_____语)4.同位语从句: 名词(有内容或信息含义) + that / wh-词 + S + P +其他同位语从句(补充说明前面名词的内容)*名词性从句解题时易犯的错误:错误类型一： that 与what 的混用1. That they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world.(错误)What they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world. (正确)注：that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，也不在从句中充当任何成分；而what则表示“什么”“……的东西或事情”，在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语等。
上句中的what 应充当discuss的宾语。
错误类型二：if 与whether的混用2. If we will visit the Great Wall tomorrow has not been decided yet. (错误) Whether we will visit the Great Wall tomorrow has not been decided yet. （正确）注：if 与whether 引导宾语从句时往往可换，但在下面情况时常使用whether：作介词的宾语时，见例①；在从句中提出两种选择时，见例②；从句提前时，见例③；引导主语从句，表语从句及同位语从句时，见例④。
①I worry about whether I hurt his feelings.②She wasn’t sure whether she should laugh or cry.③Whether he will come or not I don’t quite know.④What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future.We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.错误类型三：that 与because 的混用3. ⑴The reason why he was late for school was because he got up late. (错误)The reason why he was late for school was that he got up late. (正确)⑵Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years.(错误)Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years. (正确)注：reason作主语时引导的表语从句或why引导的名词性从句时常用that不用because. 错误类型四：忽略连词that4. These old languages are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain. (错误)That these old languages are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain. (正确)注：that在引导宾语从句时常常可省，但在下面情况时不可省去：宾语从句不止一个时，见例①；宾语从句与主句之间有插入语时，见例②；宾语从句为一个主从复合句时，见例③；引导主语从句，表语从句或同位语从句时，见例④。
①They complain (that) they have to work from morning till night, that it is hard to earn money, that they are bullied (欺负) by the policemen, or that the corporation leaders are seated lazily and enjoy the fruits of others’work.②The teacher said, pleasantly and firmly , that we must overcome the difficulties.③We believe that if we work harder, I will pass the National College Entrance Examination.④The trouble is that she has lost his address. (表语从句)Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct.15,2003. （同位语从句）错误类型五：no matter who\what\which\how\where…与whoever\whatever\whichever\however\wherever…5. No matter who breaks the rules will be punished. (错误)Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. (正确)注：whoever,whatever,whichever,however,wherever等连词可以引导名词性从句也可引导让步状语从句，而no matter who\what\which\how\where…只能引导让步状语从句。