林业科学研究2017,30(4):595~603 Forest Research
DOI:10.13275/j.cnki.1ykxD.2017.04.009
山地木麻黄种源在海南 临高的遗 传变异及选择 l 又开 丁丰
韩 强 ,仲崇禄 ,张 勇 ,姜清彬 ,陈 羽 ,
陈珍 ,Khongsak Pinyopusarerk
(1.中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州510520; 2.澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织林木种子中心,ACT 2601,堪培拉,澳大利亚)
摘要:[目的]研究山地木麻黄种源问抗风性、生长及形质性状的遗传变异规律,为山地木麻黄的良种选育和种质资 源的合理开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]以27个山地木麻黄种源为试验材料,于造林后2、5、7 a时测定山地木麻 黄种源的树高、胸径、单株材积和保存率等数量性状,并于造林后7 a时调查主干分叉习性(AP)、主干通直度 (SFS)、侧枝密度(DPB)、侧枝直径(TPB)、绿色小枝长度(LDB)、侧枝分枝角(APB)、侧枝长度(LPB)等形质性状以 及抗风性(RES),通过方差分析、相关性分析及遗传参数估算揭示其遗传变异规律。应用坐标综合评定法对山地木 麻黄种源进行综合评定。[结果]表明:造林后2、5、7 a时,27个山地木麻黄种源问保存率和抗风性差异显著(P< 0.05);对造林后7 a时保存率较高的18个种源进一步分析显示,上述3个年份各种源间树高、胸径和单株材积等生 长性状均存在极显著差异(P<0.01);7 a时,TPB、APB、LDB、AP和SFS等形质性状在种源问亦存在显著或极显著 差异;生长性状的种源遗传力明显高于形质性状,二者分别受中度或中度偏下和低度遗传控制;随着林龄的增长,树 高的遗传变异系数变化不大,而胸径和单株材积的遗传变异系数呈先增加后降低的趋势,树高、胸径、单株材积的遗 传变异系数分别为11.89%~12.30%、11.67%~13.67%、30.20%~38.11%;7 a时,形质性状的遗传变异系数为 3.84×10 %~5.56%。性状间相关分析表明:树高作为山地木麻黄早期选择性状较适宜。[结论]依据坐标综合 评定法,筛选出17877、19489和19490等3个优良种源,可在生产上大面积推广。 关键词:山地木麻黄;种源选择;遗传力;遗传变异 中图分类号:¥792.93 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001—1498(2017)04-0595-09
Genetic Variation and Selection of Casuarina junghuhniana
Provenances at Lingao,Hainan
HAN Qiang’,ZHONG Chong.1u ,ZHANG Yong ,JIANG Qing—bin’,
CHEN Yu ,CHEN Zhen ,Khongsak Pinyopusarerk (1.Research Institute ofTropical Forestry,Chinese Academy ofForestry.Guangzhou 510520,Guangdong,China. 2.CSIRO Australian Tree Seed Centre,GPO Box 1600,ATC 2601,Canbe ̄a,Australia)
Abstract:[Objective]In order to screen out superior provenances and individual trees for further cross—breeding,
the inter—provenance genetic variations in terms of wind—resistance,growth and morphological traits were discussed in this context due to a trial of Casuarina junghuhniana including 27 provenances at Lingao,Hainan,China. [Method]The height,DBH,volume and survival were measured at the 2nd,5th and 7th years after planting,and the qualitative traits including AP,SFS,DPB,TPB,LDB,APB,LPB and RES were investigated at the 7th year
收稿日期:2016-11-18 J 念坝II:广尔 林、I 科技创新项Il(2014KJCX017);1'4家fI然科 J 企项『l(31470634);“I‘二・ ”科技史撑项 (2012BADOI B0603) 作者简介:韩强(1988一),男,在读博士研究生,主要从事木麻黄遗传改良研究.E-mail:qizhouhanqiang@sina.corn 通讯作者:仲崇禄,研究员,主要研究方向为林木遗传改良_E-mail:zel@rift
.ac.cn 596 林业科学研究 第30卷
after planting.The genetic variations of these traits were studied by variance analysis,genotypic and phenotypic eor—
relations,and genetic parameters.The provenances of C.junghuhniana were also assessed by comprehensive coor—
dinate method.[Result]Significant differences(P<0.05)were detected among 27 provenances in survival and RES at the 2nd,5th and 7th years after planting.For a further analysis,the top 18 provenances in higher survivals
at age of’7 indicated signi?cant differences(P<0.0 1)in tree height,DBH,volumes among provenances at the 2 nd,5 th and 7 th years after planting.It was also found that there were significant differences in TPB,APB,LDB, SFS(P<0.01)and AP(P<0.05)among provenances 7 years after planting.The heritability was moderate for
growth traits and low fbr qualitative traits,suggesting the genetic controls were moderate on growth and weak on qualitative traits.Trends of coefficient of genetic variation for height were nearly stable,while the coefficients of ge—
netie variations in DBH and volume tended to decreasing at initial and then increasing with age.The coefficients of
genetic variation of height.DBH and volume were 11.89%一12.30%,11.67%一13.67%and 30.20%
一38.11%,respectively,and those for qualitative traits 7 years after planting ranged from 3.84×10 %to 5. 56%.The high age—age and trait—trait phenotypic and genetic correlations for height and DBH indicated that early selection and multiple traits selection were feasible.Height was superior to other traits in the early selection for C. junghuhniana due to its genetic stability.[Conclusion]By analyzing nine traits at the 7th year after planting by
comprehensive coordinate method,three optimal provenances were selected,which are wo ̄hy to be developed for
producing and cross—breeding. Keywords:Casuarina junghuhniana;provenance selection;heritability;genetic variations
木麻黄(Casuarina spp.)具有速生、防风、固沙、
抗逆及耐瘠薄等优良特性,是重要的防护林、用材林 和多用途林树种¨ 。我国引种木麻黄有110多年
历史,最早于1897年引人台湾 ,2O世纪8O年代
中期,借助国际合作项目,我国开始系统研究木麻黄 种质资源的引种和选育 J。目前,我国引进的木麻
黄有20多种,人工种植面积达30多万公顷,但主要
为短枝木麻黄(C.equisetifolia L.)、细枝木麻黄
(C.cunninghamiana Miq.)和粗枝木麻黄(C.glauca
Sieber.ex Spr.)。由于造林树种单一,种质资源匮 乏,且长期受自然灾害及病虫害的影响,严重制约了
木麻黄人工林的可持续经营 。开展山地木麻黄
(C.junghuhniana Miq.)种质资源引种与测试,可丰 富木麻黄种质资源,为木麻黄新品种创制和选育等
提供基础材料,从而有利于提高沿海防护林的稳 定性。 山地木麻黄原产印度尼西亚,具有固氮、速生、
抗旱及耐水湿等特性,天然分布于山地及沿海地区,
已被广泛引种到世界热带及亚热带地区。国外对山
地木麻黄的研究主要集中在种源间生长表现和适应
性比较以及优良种源选择 ,对其种源遗传变异
规律及遗传参数估算研究较少 。。我国引种山地木
麻黄始于20世纪8O年代,相继在沿海各地开展小
规模引种试验。1996年以来,中国林科院热带林业 研究所在广东湛江和福建漳州开展了国际山地木麻
黄种源试验,对其遗传参数进行估算,并筛选出适合 华南地区生长的优良种源 ;福建省林科院在福
建漳州开展了滨海沙地山地木麻黄种源试验 ¨ ;但海南省尚无系统的山地木麻黄种源试验报
道,特别是针对大量原产地种质材料的测试。本文
以从澳大利亚引进的27个山地木麻黄种源为材料
开展种源试验,分析其生长、形质等性状方面的变异
状况,揭示种源间性状的遗传变异规律,同时应用坐 标综合评定法对各种源间生长和形质性状进行综合
评价,以期为山地木麻黄的良种选育和种质资源的
合理利用提供参考。
1试验地概况
试验地位于海南省西北部临高县临城镇林木良 种场(19。91 N,109。69 E),平均海拔5 m,属热带季
风气候,高温多雨,光照充足。年均气温23.5℃,1
月份平均气温为16.9℃,7月份平均气温为28.3cC。 年平均雨日为139.5 d,年均降水量1 417.8 mm。土
壤为砖红壤。试验地前茬为桉树。
2 材料与方法
2.1试验材料与试验设计
试验所用山地木麻黄27个种源种子均『1
]澳大