当前位置:
文档之家› 如何理解和灵活应用咳嗽诊治指南
如何理解和灵活应用咳嗽诊治指南
• 中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组应组织 一项全国的关于慢性咳嗽病因的流行病学 调查(evidence-based)
• 慢性咳嗽病因的关联性研究
EB
Eosinophilia Cough
CVA
Eosinophilia Cough BHR
Classic Asthma
Eosinophilia Cough BHR wheeze
Three common causes of chronic cough in Japan • CVA+ cough predominant asthma (asthmatic cough): 43.6% • AC: 35.8% • SBS: 25.5%
.
慢性咳嗽的主要病因构成
50
日 本
可能 确定 可能+确定
慢性咳嗽的主要病因构成
50
可能 确定 可能+确定
日 本
40
30
20
10
0
AC
CVA
SBS
BA
GER
双病因
其它
未知
Fujimura M, et al.Respirology 2005; 10: 201-207.
慢性咳嗽的主要病因构成
广州呼吸疾病研究所专科门诊
n=86
30 27.9 25.6
%
20 15.1 12 10 7 10.5
慢性咳嗽误诊误治严重! 慢性咳嗽误诊误治严重!
• 通常诊为“气管-支气管炎或慢性支气管炎” 通常诊为“气管-支气管炎或慢性支气管炎” • 重复不必要的各种检查(影像学) 重复不必要的各种检查(影像学) • 大量抗菌药物使用
重视慢性咳嗽的病因诊断
• 病因的构成研究 • 病因的关联性研究 • 病因的多元性研究
• GERD: 2.4% • Smoker’s bronchitis (chronic bronchitis): 1.8% • ACE I: 1.2% • Bronchogenic carcinoma: 0.6% • volatile solvent-induced cough: 0.6%
PNDS-induced non-productive cough was not found
如何理解和灵活应用 咳嗽诊治指南” “咳嗽诊治指南”
卫生部中日友好医院呼吸内科 林江涛 20062006-3-30 (北京) (北京 北京)
咳嗽诊治指南的发布
• 1998: Managing cough as a defense mechanism and as a symptom. A : Consensus Panel Report of the American College of Chest Physicians. Chest,1998,114:133s~181s • 2004:ERS TASK FORCE.The diagnosis and Management of chronic cough. Eur Respir J,2004,24:481~492 • 2005:Guideline for the management of cough. Source Nihon Kokyuky Gakkai Zasshi,2005,suppl:2-80 • 2005:中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组.咳嗽的诊断与治疗指南(草案).
*慢29 16 13 12 2 2 2 6
%
25.6 19.5 15.8 14.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 7.3
中日友好医院
病因
CVA PNDS PIC GER ACEI EB 病因不明
例数
29 28 23 16 15 3 11
%
23.2 22.4 18.4 12.8 12.0 2.4 8.5
Fujimura M, et al. (Kanazawa Asthma Research Group). Importance of atopic cough, cough variant asthma and sinobronchial syndrome as causes of chronic cough in Hokuriku area of Japan. Respirology ,2005; 10: 201-207.
1. Non-productive cough lasting more than 8 weeks without wheezing or dyspnoea. 2. Presence of one or more findings indicative of an atopic constitution, including a past history and/or complications of allergic diseases excluding asthma, a peripheral blood eosinophilia ( 6% or 400 cells/µL), raised total IgE level in the serum ( 200 IU/mL), positive specific IgE antibody to aeroallergens and positive allergen skin test and/or induced sputum eosinophilia ( 2.0%). 3. No bronchial reversibility, defined as less than a 10% increase in FEV1 after inhalation of 300 µg salbutamol sulphate. 4. Normal bronchial responsiveness (positive responsiveness being the provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) 10 mg/mL). 5. Increased cough reflex sensitivity (capsaicin concentration eliciting five or more coughs (C5) < 3.9 µM). 6. Cough resistant to bronchodilator therapy (oral clenbuterol 40 µg/day plus inhaled procaterol or salbutamol at bedtime and on demand for 1 week). 7. No abnormal findings indicative of cough aetiology on chest X-ray. 8. Normal FEV1 (〉80% of predicted value), FVC (〉80% of predicted value), and FEV1/FVC ratio (〉70%). When all criteria were satisfied, a definite diagnosis of atopic cough is made.
40
30
20
10
0
AC
CVA
SBS
BA
GER
双病因
其它
未知
Fujimura M, et al.Respirology, 2005; 10: 201-207.
Criteria for definite diagnosis of atopic cough: for clinical researchers (Japanese Cough Research Society)
Comparison of eosinophilic bronchitis, coughcough-variant asthma and classic asthma
变应性咳嗽( cough,AC) 变应性咳嗽(atopic cough,AC)
诊 断标准
(中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组,2005) 中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组,2005)
急性咳嗽
普通感冒 急性气管支气管炎 急性鼻炎/鼻窦炎 急性鼻炎/ 变应性鼻炎 慢性支气管炎急性加重
亚急性咳嗽
感染后咳嗽 上呼吸道感染后出现的咳嗽 抗菌药物治疗无效 部分病人可伴有气道高反应性 机制
– 气道上皮损伤,咳嗽受体对吸入刺激反应性增加 – 鼻后滴流
慢性咳嗽的定义
• 持续>8周 持续> 周 • 常规 线检查阴性 常规X线检查阴性 • 肺通气功能测定正常 • 无吸烟史(或停止吸烟4周)或职业 无吸烟史(或停止吸烟 周 性有害气体或粉尘暴露史
中华结核和呼吸杂志,2005,28(11):738~744. 中华结核和呼吸杂志
• • • • • •
重视慢性咳嗽的病因诊断 充分理解和掌握慢性咳嗽的病因诊断程序 因地制宜地开展咳嗽相关检查 加强多学科合作 如何开展经验性诊断和治疗 掌握主要咳嗽病因的特异性治疗方案
咳嗽的分类
根据病程
急性:<3周 急性:<3周 亚急性: 亚急性:3-8周 慢性:>8周 慢性:>8周
0 CVA PNDS EB GERC 双病因 病因未明
马洪明, 中华结核和呼吸杂志. 2003;26(11):675马洪明,等. 中华结核和呼吸杂志. 2003;26(11):675-8.
慢性咳嗽的病因构成
咳嗽病因
嗜酸细胞性支气管炎 鼻炎/鼻窦炎 咳嗽变异型哮喘 变应性咳嗽 胃食管反流 慢性咽炎 感冒后咳嗽 慢性支气管炎 支气管扩张症 左心衰竭 肺间质纤维化 病因未明
Criteria for probable diagnosis of atopic cough: for general practitioners (Japanese Cough Research Society)