浙江大学硕士学位论文摘要 锉离子电池是一种绿色、可充式的二次电源,其工作电压高、能量密度大,大量应用于手机、计算机等便携式设备。进一步提高电池性能和降低成本是锉离子电池发展的重点。由于碳材料种类繁多,性能提升空间大,因而研究高性能,低成本的的碳负极材料是改善锉离子电池性能和降低电池成本的有效途径之一。本论文主要研究铿离子电池负极材料的结构和性能,期望获得电化学性能优异、成本低廉的负极材料。
本文采用XRD, TEM, SEM, BET,激光粒径和电化学测试等方法,对热处理天然石墨结构和电化学性能进行了分析,研究了材料的晶体结构、杂质含量、粒径大小、比表面积等因素对其充放电性能的影响。采用FTIR, XRD, SEM等方法分析电极表面SEI膜的成分和形貌特征,研究了在大电流充放条件下,石墨材料可逆容量的衰减机理。采用XRD, TEM和电化学测试等方法,研究了聚氯乙稀热解碳包覆CoSb3材料的结构特征和电化学性能。 研究发现,热处理可有效提高负极材料石墨化程度、增大石墨微晶尺寸,减小比表面积,增大颗粒平均粒径,从而显著改善充放电性能。随着热处理温度的升高,性能进一步得到改善,800℃处理的石墨材料可逆容量为320 mAh/g,首次库仑效率为80%。这是由于800℃处理的石墨材料BET比表面积最小,颗粒平均粒径最大,有利于降低不可逆容量。其次,800℃下热处理,大量减少了石墨表面的活性点,有利于不可逆容量的减少。而且经过热处理,原先难以储铿的位置也可以嵌脱锉,提高了石墨材VII的可逆容量。 SEI膜的红外吸收光谱分析表明,SEI膜上有(CH20Co2Li)2, Li2CO3, CH20002Li等几种物质。SEI膜的SEM分析表明,活性铿与电解液发生反应,放出CH2=CH2, C02,HF等气体,可逆容量随电流密度的增大而减小。在充放电过程中,石墨材料结构发生可逆变化。在嵌脱铿过程中,依次生成LiCls, LiC,2, LiC6等铿一碳化合物,同时这些铿-碳化合物在不同电位下相互转化。 通过聚氯乙稀热解碳包覆CoSb3制备负极材料,不可逆容量损失相对减少。首次不可逆容量损失从纯CoSb3试样的62%下降到42%。相对于纯的CoSb3合金,热解碳包覆CoSb:负极材料的容量循环衰减速率较慢。20个循环之后,CoSb3试样的可逆容量衰减到50 mAh/g以下,热解碳包覆CoSb:负极材料的可逆容量下降到160 mAh/g o
关键词:晶体结构,比表面积,活性点,SEI膜,铿一碳化合物,聚氯乙稀热解碳包覆 CoSb、材料浙江大学硕士学位论文Abstract Lithium-ion batteries are green and rechargeable secondary power, they are widely usedin mobile phones, computers and other equipments, due to high working-voltage, largeenergy density. The emphases on lithium-ion batteries are further to improve theirperformances and reduce their costs. Carbon materials are one of the available approachesthat enhance the performances and decrease the costs of lithium-ion batteries, since there area variety of species of carbon materials and their properties improvement would be effectiveto upgrade the anode. The thesis was concerned on the structures and performances of anodematerials, and hope to find ideal materials.
In the thesis, the heat-treated natural graphite was analyzed in structures andelectrochemical properties through XRD, TEM, SEM, BET, Laser particle diameter andelectrochemical test, the electrochemical performances was affected by the factors such ascrystal structure, impurity content, particle diameter and BET specific surface area. Thecompositions and surface characteristics of SEI film were analyzed by FTIR, XRD and SEM.The structures and electrochemical performances were investigated by XRD, TEM andelectrochemical test.
It is found that heat-treatment could effectively enhance the degree of graphatizing,graphite crystallite size, average graphite diameter of anode materials, and it also decreasedBET specific surface area, accordingly improved greatly the charge/discharge performanceWith the increase of heat-treatment temperature, electrochemical performance was furtherimproved. The reversible capacity of 8000C-treated graphite was 320 mAh/g, the initialcoulomb efficiency was 80%. Compared with the other graphite, BET specific surface areaof 8000C-treated graphite was the smallest, and the average graphite diameter was the largest,caused to decrease the irreversible capacity. Besides, heat-treatment at 8000C decreased thenumbers of active sites of graphite surface, the decrease of the numbers of the active sitesreduced greatly the irreversible capacity. Furthermore, the sites, which were originallyimpossible to intercalate lithium-ion, could intercalate lithium-ion, and increased thereversible capacity consequently.
With the FTIR analysis of the SEI film, there were several components, such as(CH20CO2Li)21 Li2C031 CH20002Li. With the SEM analysis of the SEI film, it suggestedthat active lithium reacted with electrode, giving out CH2=CH2, C02. HF and other gases,reversible capacity decreased with the increase of the current density. In the discharge/chargeprocess, the structure of graphite was changed. In the intercalate/deintercalate process,LiC,s. LiC,2" LiC6 and other graphite-lithium compounds were produced, and thesegraphite-lithium compounds were transformed each other in diferent voltages.浙江大学硕士学位论文Through coating pyrolytic coke on CoSb3, the loss of irreversible capacity、Vas
decreased. The initial loss of irreversible capacity decreased from 629/6 to 429/o. Compared
with CoSb3, the cycling stability of the coke-coated CoSb3 composite was enhanced. Aftertwenty cycles, the reversible capacity of the coke-coated CoSb3160 mAh/g to 50 mAh/g.site enhanced from
words: crystal structure, BET special surface area,graphite-lithium compounds, the coke coated CoSb3active site, SEI film,
composite.
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