1.1Engineering, Procurement & Construction
Management (EPCM)设计采购施工管理
In this model, a single EPCM Contractor takes responsibility for managing the project‟s engineering procurement and construction scopes, reporting to the Owner‟s Team.
对于该模式，由一个单独的EPCM承包商承担项目设计、采购、施工范围的管理责任，向雇主的项目部报告。
The EPCM Contractor is also typically responsible for performing the engineering and procurement services. However the construction is performed by specialist Construction Contractors under the direct management of the EPCM contractor.
EPCM承包商同时负责完成设计和采购服务。但是，施工由专业的施工承包商承担，由EPCM 承包商直接进行管理。
The Procurement orders and the Construction contracts are awarded in the Owner‟s name so that associated liabilities remain with the Owner.
采购订单和施工合同，则以雇主的名义签订，以保证产生的责任仍然属于雇主。
Whilst the Owner typically tries to assign the liabilities to the EPCM Contractor, the reality is that the end liabilities for this type of Contract are typically fairly low for the EPCM Contractor. These would include a limited level of liquidated damages on schedule.
同时雇主尽力将责任指派给EPCM承包商，实际上该类型的合同对EPCM承包商而言最终的责任低，相对公正。在工期方面将设定一个违约金的限度。
These contracts are also typically cost reimbursable. The Owners will often incentivise the EPCM Contractor to provide risk/reward to adjust the base margin upwards or downwards depending on performance against key outcomes.
该类合同一般也采取成本报销的方式。雇主经常根据那些主要的履约成果，通过调整基本利润，提高或降低对EPCM承包商的风险/奖励金，对承包商进行激励。
1.2Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC)
An EPC Contract is all encompassing in that it requires the Contractor to deliver a complete facility with all the Engineering, Procurement and Construction scopes either performed using the Contractor‟s in-house resources or using sub-contractors with the sub-contracts placed in the EPC Contractor‟s name. All procurement orders are also in the EPC Contractor‟s name. As a result all the associated liabilities are assigned to the EPC Contractor, often including plant performance guarantees.
在EPC合同中包括要求承包商交付的全部设施的设计、采购和施工，由承包商自由资源或分包商的资源完成，分包合同以承包商的名义签订。所有的采购订单同样也以承包商的名义签订。因此，由此产生的所有责任都指派给承包商，常常包括装置的性能担保。
An EPC Contract is often tendered and awarded based on a FEED package prepared by the Owner or by a separate Engineering Contractor working for the Owner.
EPC合同通常在雇主或单独的设计承包商准备FEED文件包基础上进行招标，并授予。
EPC Contracts are typically fixed price and usually contain onerous contractual and commercial liabilities.
EPC合同一般是固定价格，并且通常包含法律上的合同义务和商务责任。
1.3Lump Sum Turn Key (LSTK)总价交钥匙
The LSTK Contract is similar to the EPC Contract except that the Owner does not prepare the FEED.
总价交钥匙合同与EPC合同详细，只是业主不在准备FEED文件。
The LSTK Contract is tendered and awarded based on an enquiry outlining the functional requirements of the Owner. The LSTK Contractor‟s scope includes preparation of the FEED, detailed design, procurement and construction with all orders and sub-contracts placed in his name.
总价交钥匙合同在雇主对性能的要求基础上进行招标并授予合同。总价交钥匙承包商的工作范围包括准备FEED文件，详细设计，采购和施工，以及以自己的名义下订单和签订分包合同。
The liabilities on the LSTK Contractor are even more onerous than for an EPC Contractor because he is also responsible for the adequacy of the FEED package.
总价交钥匙承包商比EPC承包商承担更多地的责任，因为其同时负责完成FEED文件包。
总结：
EPCM - the FEED has often already been completed by a separate engineering contractor. The Detailed Design, Procurement and Construction Management is performed by the EPCM Contractor. Vendors and sub-contractors are utilised, again with the orders typically placed in the Owner‟s name. The construction scope is completed as one of these sub-contracts.
EPCM-FEED文件通常由单独的设计承包商完成。详细设计、采购和施工管理由EPCM承包商负责，供货商和分包商以雇主的名义确定，施工由其中的某个分包商负责。
EPC - the FEED has already been completed by a separate engineering contractor. The detailed design, procurement and construction are all performed by the EPC Contractor. The orders for vendors and sub-contractors are all in the EPC Contractor‟s name.
EPC-FEED文件由单独的设计承包商完成。详细设计、采购、施工由EPC承包商负责。订单和分包商由EPC承包商的名义确定。
LSTK - the total scope from FEED through to Construction is performed in the LSTK Contractor‟s name.
LSTK-从FEED至施工的所有工作都由LSTK承包商负责。