数控转台结构设计

子专题：精密直驱数控转台结构设计

Structure design of CNC rotary tables

Subtitle:

Structural design of precision direct drive CNC

rotary tables

University: Kunming University of Science and Technology

Major: Mechanical Engineering and Automation

Grade: Class1.Grade2008

Name: Li Yunlai

Advisor: Gao Guanbin

Professional Title: Lecture

Department: Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering

Date： June 6, 2012

第I页 摘要

数控机床集成了机械、计算机、光电技术、精密测量技术和自动控制技术等先进技术的最新研究成果，是先进制造业的重要设备。数控回转工作台是多轴联动加工中心和数控铣床等数控机床的重要的部件，起着承载被加工零件并实现精确分度或作为联动轴进行轨迹联动加工的作用，它的精密度和稳定性对整个数控机床的性能有着重要影响。

直接驱动数控回转工作台采用直接驱动技术能够消除中间机械传动机构引起的损耗及限制，能直接提供转矩给执行机构，具有转矩大、损耗低、电气时间常数小以及响应速度快等特点，可以实现很高的动态响应速度和加速度、极高的刚度和定位精度、平滑的无差运动。

本毕业设计针对一种直接驱动式精密数控回转工作台进行了研究，提出了个人的方案和设计。该设计方案选用力矩电机作为驱动源，采用转台轴承传动力矩，当数控转台需要静止时，利用锁紧（刹紧）机构来锁紧转台，利用固定块来安装锁紧机构。在各零部件选用和设计过程中，根据设计任务计算、选择的零部件尺寸，再根据一些计算和校核公式验证了设计的零件，并做出修整。最终设计出符合该数控回转工作台所需的各项规格参数。

关键词：数控；直接驱动；回转工作台；锁紧机构

第II页 ABSTRACT

The CNC machine tool integrates the latest, advanced technology research of the

mechanical, computer, photoelectric, precision measurement and automatic control

technology, which is the advanced manufacturing equipment. CNC rotary table is an

important component of the multi-axis machining centers and CNC milling machine of

CNC machine tools etc, plays a role in carrying the component that is to be processed and

to achieve accurate indexing or as a linkage axis track simultaneous machining, its

precision and stability have an important impact on the performance of CNC machine

tools.

Direct drive CNC rotary table with direct drive technology can eliminate the wastage

and restrictions that is caused by intermediate mechanical transmission, and provide torque

to the actuator directly, with a large torque, low wastage, small electrical constant time and

fast response characteristics etc, which can achieve very high dynamic response speed and

acceleration, high stiffness and positioning accuracy, smooth differential movement.

This graduation designs a CNC rotary table of direct-driven precision, and put

forward the individual design scheme. The design used a torque motor as a driving source,

the use of the turntable bearing drive torque, when the NC rotary table stationary, the use

of the locking mechanism to lock the turntable, the use of fixed block fixed locking

mechanism. Component selection and design process, according to the size of the optional

parts have been selected and designed, in part to validate the selected according to some

calculations and check the formula and make the dressing. Finally, the CNC rotary table

was designed, which satisfies the specifications of the table.

Keywords: CNC; Direct drive; Rotary table; Locking mechanisms

目录

摘要 ........................................................................................................................................ I

ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... II 第III页 第1章 绪论 ......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1本课题的学术背景及理论与实际意义 .......................................................... 1

1.1.1数控机床简介 ...................................................................................... 1

1.1.2数控机床的产生和数控技术的发展过程 .......................................... 2

1.2相关课题国内研究的现状 .............................................................................. 3

1.2.1我国数控机床发展情况 ...................................................................... 3

1.2.2我国数控机床附件产品水平较国外低主要表现 .............................. 4

1.3回转工作台的发展前景及发展趋势 .............................................................. 4

1.3.1市场前景 .............................................................................................. 4

1.3.2发展趋势 .............................................................................................. 5

1.4本设计的主要内容 .......................................................................................... 5

第2章 数控回转工作台现有方案的分析和比较 ............................................................. 6

2.1数控回转工作台原理及设计方案比较 .......................................................... 6

2.2设计准则 .......................................................................................................... 8

2.3本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 9

第3章 数控回转工作台的结构设计 ............................................................................... 10

3.1设计规格参数 ................................................................................................ 10

3.2电机选择 ........................................................................................................ 11

3.2.1力矩电机的原理 ................................................................................ 11

3.2.2力矩电机的外形及参数 .................................................................... 13

3.3转台轴承选择 ................................................................................................ 14

3.4转台轴承校核 ................................................................................................ 17

3.5转台轴承上的螺栓校核 ................................................................................ 18

3.6小液压缸选择 ................................................................................................ 19

3.6.1液压缸的缸径/杆径的选择原则： .................................................. 19

3.6.2液压缸行程 ........................................................................................ 19

3.6.3端位缓冲的选择 ................................................................................ 20

3.6.4油口类型与通径选择 ........................................................................ 20

3.6.5特定工况对条件选择 ........................................................................ 20

3.6.6其它特性的选择 ................................................................................ 21