第l5卷第6期 2011年6月 船舶力学 Journal of Ship Mechanics Vol_15 No。6 Jun.2011
Article ID:1007—7294(201 1)06—0592—06
Numerical Calculation on the Influence of the Slot Size of
Air Inj ection on Micro Bubbles Drag Reduction
f0r Transitional Craft
WANG Jia-mei,ZHANG Ling fSchool of Transportation,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China)
Abstract:The two—phase flow around a fine transitional with step f0r injecting air is figured out nu— merically under the condition of neglecting influences of free-surface.The drag characteristic of the ship and the distribution of the volume fraction of micro bubble are got at different air iet slot size, Fr and relative air injection velocity.The results show that at C =25%and F=0.973,the air flow rate
could reach minimum if non—dimension iet slot size is 0.1 12.The calculation result will provide ref- erenee on the parametric design of air injection slot of High-Speed Air Cavity Craft. Key words:transitional craft;step step;micro-bubble drag reduction;jet slot size; numerical calculation CLC number:U66 1.3 1+1 Document code:A
1 Introduction
The drag reduction by air cavity craft has been confirmed by lots of experimental study, numerical calculation and fuU scale ship research.There are many factors that influence the
micro—bubble drag reduction,such as bubble diameter,bubble volume fraction,main flow ve— l0citv。air flow rate and iet form etc.Some research shows bubble diameter has little effect on
drag reduction and the main factors are air iniection rate and the distribution of static pres—
sure in boundary layer.Under the same Re(Reynolds number),bubble volume fraction has sig— nificant influence on the drag reduction of plate in turbulent boundary layer,and the drag re— duction ratio can get up to 22%.Under the same condition the drag reduction effect caused
by jet both from bow and middle is better than that jet from bow only,and the total drag re— duction ratio can get up to 32.8%.The public literatures demonstrate a consistent conclusion Oil the research of micro bubble drag reduction effected by bubble volume density,main flow
velocity.air flow rate and gravity.But they also have different conclusions on the influence of air iniection hole slot size,and air bubble size,etc.
Received date:2010—10-15 Revised date:20l 1-04—29 Foundation item:Supposed by‘Type research of High Speed Air Bubble Ship’of the State 863 project(2002AA335050), and‘The Experimental Study o13 Drag Reduction by Leading Edge Holes and Micro-bubble’ot NSFC (10972167) Biography:WANG Jia—mei(1951-),female,professor,main research area:indust ̄and environment hydromechanics, E—mail:fluidjmwang@whut.edu.cn.
第6期 WANG Jia—mei et ah Numerical Calculation on the・・ 593
2 Physical model and numerical method
2.1 Physical model The physical model for numerical calculation iS a fine transitional craft.The scale ratio iS
1:1 3.The principal dimensions of model as follox ̄rs:waterline L is 2.692m,half—breadth B is
0.238m and depth T is 0.092m.Considering the surface pressure distribution of original mod—
el testing,the air jet slot is arranged at the 7th section,0.3 L away from the bow as the front of step,the range of step is shown in Fig.1 and created by parallel shifting up 4mm vertically.
The computational domain is 4L x lL,given in Fig.2.In this paper,the grid is drawn by using sub—block method,and the structure hexahedron grid is used in the whole calculation domain.
In order to simplify the question,the ship is supposed to be floating and no drift,the influence of free surface iS neglected and the resistance of viscous flow iS concerned only.
Fig.1 Physical model(transitional craft) Fig.2 Computational domain :waterline)
2.2 Numerical method
2.2.1 Governing equation The continuity equation,momentum equation and component equation of two—phase flow
(micro bubble and water)are respectively shown as follows:
+ . (JD 0
where Pro= 6P b+ P and =( 6pb 6+ ,, )/p are the density and aVerage Velocity。f the
mixed fluid,respectively. and are the volume fraction of water and air bubble.The sub—
scripts b。W and,n represent the air bubble,water and mixed fluid,respectively.
0(p J + ・
+ . (p V mV )=一 p+ ・ +
』 ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ \ lTbPbV0,6 +YwP Yd, Vd, /
where 6 6+ is the viscosity coefficient of mixed fluid. d, = 一 and d,6=Y b一 are
the drift velocity of water and air bubble;P is the:pressure.
+ 。( p , )=一 ’( p v )
The slipping between water and air bubble shows the interaction of the two phases;the
relative velocity between water and air bubble is defined as slip velocity.