第 29 卷 第 1 期 2007 年 1 月
北 京 林 业 大 学 学 报 JOURNAL OF BEIJ ING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Vol. 29 , No. 1 Jan. , 2007
辽东山区次生林主要树种种群结构和格局
刘足根1 , 2 朱教君1 袁小兰3 王贺新1 毛志宏1 , 2
LIU Zu2gen1 , 2 ; ZHU Jiao2jun1 ; YUAN Xiao2lan3 ; WANG He2xin1 ; MAO Zhi2hong1 , 2 . On the structure and patterns of major tree species populations of secondary forests in the montane regions of eastern Liaoning Province. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (2007) 29 (1) 122218 [ Ch , 29 ref . ] 1 Institute of Applied Ecology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang , 110016 , P. R. China ; 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China ; 3 Commercial School of Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang , 330013 , P. R. China.
1 研究区概况和研究方法
111 研究区概况 辽东山区山脉纵横 ,为长白山西南延伸部分 ,属
于温带湿润区 , 夏季多雨 , 冬季多雪 , 年均降水量
700～1 200 mm ,年平均气温 5～8 ℃,无霜期 140～ 160 d ,土壤多为棕色森林土和暗棕色森林土 ,全区 属长白植物区系 ,地带性植物群落是以红松 ( Pinus koraiensis) 为主的针阔混交林 ,在历经长期的人为干 扰破坏后 ,目前绝大部分已演变为天然次生林 ,主要 分为柞木林 、硬阔林 、杨桦林和杂木林[4] . 组成繁多 , 主要有柞属 ( Quercus spp . ) 、松属 ( Pinus spp . ) 、桦属 ( Betula spp . ) 、槭属 ( Acer spp . ) 、椴属 ( Tilia spp . ) 、 水 曲 柳 ( Fraxinus mandshurica ) 、核 桃 楸 ( J 学院沈阳应用生态研究所 2003 年建立的清原森林 生态站 (N41°51′, E124°54′) 实验林内. 该站选建在 能代表辽东山区天然次生林主要类型并且保护得较 好的辽宁省清原满族自治县大苏河国营林场内 ,其 主要研究方向为次生林生态与经营. 112 研究方法 11211 野外调查
(1 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 2 中国科学院研究生院 3 江西农业大学商学院)
摘要 :用“径级大小替代年龄大小”和“空间差异替代时间变化”的方法 ,分别研究了辽东山区 4 种主要群落 (柞木 林 、硬阔林 、杨桦林和杂木林) 主要树种种群的结构和分布格局 ,以及应用方差Π均值比的 t 值检验法 、聚块性和扩散 型指数分析其格局状况 ,并用聚集强度指数负二项参数 K 值度量了它们的聚集程度. 结果表明 : ①蒙古栎 、水曲柳 、 核桃楸 、枫桦和山杨龄级存在明显的低龄缺损 ,为间歇型种群 ,其中蒙古栎 、水曲柳和核桃楸属于增长型种群 ,枫桦 和山杨属衰退型种群 ,色木槭 、紫椴和春榆种群年龄结构呈不规则的倒 J 型种群结构 ,龄级完整 ,属于稳定型增长 种群 ; ②这些主要树种种群中 ,除了杨桦林群落中枫桦和山杨格局呈随机分布外 ,其他种群的格局都趋于聚集分 布 ; ③各主要树种种群等级分布格局具有一定的规律性 ,即种群在幼苗和幼树阶段为聚集分布 ,而在中树和大树阶 段为随机或均匀分布 ,且各主要树种种群从幼苗到大树格局聚集强度逐渐降低 ,种群呈扩散趋势 ; ④辽东山区次生 林主要树种种群结构和格局的形成主要是由于其生物学特性和所处环境作用的结果. 关键词 :次生林 , 种群结构 , 种群格局 中图分类号 :S718154 文献标识码 :A 文章编号 :1000221522 (2007) 012200122207
In order to research the main tree species populations of major communities ( Quercus stand , hard2 broadleaved stand , Populus2Betula stand and the complex stand) of secondary forests in the montane regions of eastern Liaoning Province (MRELP) , this paper examined the structure and patterns of the four communities by applying the methods of class size substituting for age size , and the spatial difference substituting for temporal change , respectively. The patterns were analyzed by using three independent methods , ie variance to mean ratio ( S2Πx ) , which was tested by t value , the patchness index ( M 3 Πx ) and the expanding index ( Iδ) . Additionally , the clumped or random extents of patterns were analyzed by using the method of the negative binomial parameter ( K) . The results could be summarized as follows : 1) tree species of Q. mongolica , Fraxinus mandshurica , J uglans mandshurica , B . costata and P. davidiana were intermittent populations , which lacked of seedling or sapling or both of them. Among the above , Q. mongolica , F. mandshurica and J . mandshurica were attributed to growing type , while B . costata and P. davidiana were classified into senescent type. However , Acer mono , Tilia amurensis and Ulmus japonica could be attributed to growing and stable population with a reversed J2shaped size structure ;2) in MRELP , the patterns of major tree species populations were different , eg B . costata and P. davidiana populations were random in Populus2 Betula forest community , while the other populations were clumped ; 3) among the major tree species populations , the patterns of class size of major populations showed the rule that the seedling and sapling classes
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刘足根等 :辽东山区次生林主要树种种群结构和格局
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were clumped but the middle and the big tree classes were random or uniform. It was found that the patterns of major species populations changed with the time during their development period , the clumped intensity of different populations was gradually reduced from the seedling or sapling to big trees , and the populations were diffusing ; 4) the formation of the structure and patterns of major tree species populations of secondary forests in MRELP was influenced by the results from long2term interaction between biological features and natural environment as well as their succession period. Key words secondary forests , population structure , population patterns