一.东南亚简要概况
1.In Southeast Asia, the largest, also the most populous country is Indonesia, with an area of 1,904,443 square kilometers and a population of 215,000,000.
在东南亚,最大的城市,也是世界上人口最多的国家是印尼,总面积1904443平方公里,人口215000000。
2. The country with the smallest area (only 707 square kilometers) is Singapore, and it has a population of 4,839,000.
这个国家以最小的区域(只有707平方公里)是新加坡,它有4839000人口。
3. Brunei is the least populous country in Southeast Asia, and it has only 379,000 people. 文莱是最稠密的国家在东南亚,它只有379000人。
4.The Mekong River, with a total length of 4,400 kilometers, is not only the biggest river in Southeast Asia but also one of the most important international rivers in the world.
湄公河,总里程达4400公里,不仅是东南亚最大的河流,但之一,也是最重要的国际河流,在世界上。
5.Vietnam and Laos adopted the People’s Congress System and communist leadership。 越南和老挝采用人民代表大会制度、共产党的领导。 6.The world’s three major barns: Siam (Thailand), Yangon (Myanmar), Saigon (Vietnam), the largest rice producing areas.
世界三大谷仓:暹罗(就是泰国)、仰光(缅甸),西贡(越南),大米产地。 os is the only county without coastline in Southeast Asia 。 老挝是唯一没有海岸线县等东南亚国家和地区
8.Indonesia is the largest petroleum producing country in Southeast Asia and the largest natural gas export country。
印尼是世界上最大的石油生产国家在东南亚及最大的天然气出口国.
9.Brunei, with the most petroleum and natural gas per capita, has been another rich nation in Southeast Asia through exporting petroleum and natural gas.
文莱,以最大石油和天然气的人均收入,在东南亚通过出口石油和天然气成为另一个富有的国家.
10.Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and Cambodia，the four countries in Southeast Asia believe in Buddhism.
缅甸、老挝、泰国、柬埔寨这四个国家在东南亚信奉佛教. 11.Geographical Features：To sum up, Southeast Asia’s geography has two outstanding characteristics: “heat” and “sea”.
地理特征：综上所述,东南亚地区的地理有两个显著特点:“热”和“海洋”。 12.Political Systems（政治系统）：
(1) Countries of the People’s Congress System: Vietnam and Laos 人民代表大会制度:越南和老挝
(2) Country of Parliamentary Republic System: Singapore 议会共和国制度的国家:新加坡
(3) Countries of Presidential Cabinet System: Indonesia and the Philippines 总统内阁系统:印度尼西亚和菲律宾
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(4) Countries of Monarchy System: Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia (the constitutional monarchy)
and Brunei (absolute monarchy system)
国家的君主制系统:泰国、柬埔寨、马来西亚(君主立宪制)和文莱(绝对的君权系统) (5) Countries of Military Junta: Myanmar 军政府国家缅甸
13.The Four Levels of Economic Development四个层次的经济发展： (1) Developed country Singapore and rich oil country Brunei 发达国家新加坡和富油国家文莱 Singapore has become the nation with the highest per capita income in Southeast Asia. 新加坡已经成为国家最高的人均收入在东南亚。
Brunei, with the most petroleum and natural gas per capita, has been another rich nation in Southeast Asia through exporting petroleum and natural gas.
文莱,以最大石油和天然气的人均收入,在东南亚通过出口石油和天然气成为另一个富有的国家。
(2) Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia: rising industrial countries马来西亚、泰国、菲律宾和印尼:上升的工业化国家
(3) Vietnam under reforming and developing越南，改革和发展的必然趋势。
(4) Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and East Timor moving in their own conventional ways柬埔寨,老挝,缅甸和东帝汶移动在各自的常规方法
They are the four with the lowest economic development levels in Southeast Asia.他们是四个最低经济发展水平等东南亚国家和地区。
14.Southeast Asian countries have multiplex cultures, and they can be classified into Buddhism, Islam, Catholicism and Eastern Confucianism.
东南亚国家的文化多元化,他们可以分为佛教、伊斯兰教、天主教和东方儒家思想。 Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and Cambodia--Buddhism缅甸、老挝、泰国、柬埔寨--佛教 Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei---Islam印尼、马来西亚、汶莱--伊斯兰教 The Philippines and East Timor---Catholicism菲律宾和东帝汶—天主教 Singapore and Vietnam---Eastern Confucianism新加坡、越南--东方儒学
二.文莱
1. The Official Name of Brunei is Negara Brunei Darussalam. 文莱的官方名称是Negara文莱。 2.The Brunei flag has four colors—a yellow backdrop，with two wide strips of white and black cutting across from the top left corner to the bottom right，and imposed by the state crest in red right in the middle of the standard.
文莱的国旗上有四个颜色--黄色的背景下,有两条宽的白色和黑色，从左上角到下右图切穿,并由国家强加在红色嵴的标准的正中央。
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yellow backdrop---the Sultan of Brunei文莱苏丹王
two wide strips of white and black---Brunei’s chief ministers 文莱的首席部长
3.The flag 国旗
The royal umbrella---the royal regalia皇家伞- - -彰显皇家
The Wing of Four Feathers---justice, tranquility, prosperity, peace 四个羽毛的翅膀——-正义、宁静、繁荣、和平
The upturned hands---the benevolence of the government, the government’ s pledge 那朝上弯曲的手———爱心的政府、政府的承诺
The crescent---the sign of Islam 一弯新月的标志--伊斯兰教
The national slogan--- “Always in service with God’s guidance” 国家的口号--总是在服务与上帝的指引
The scroll---the City of Peace这书卷的城市--和平
4.Brunei Darussalam is situated on the northern Borneo and the western Pacific Ocean,between 114.0 and 115.23 east longitude，and 4.0 and 5.5 north latitude。
文莱达鲁萨兰国坐落在北婆罗洲与西太平洋,在东经114.0和115.23之间,北纬4.0和5.5之间。
5.The climate of Brunei is tropical in general.brunei does not have clearly distinguishable wet and
dry seasons，hot，humid，and rainy all year round。
文莱的气候一般是热带。文莱没有清楚可辨干湿季节, 一年到头炎热、潮湿多雨。 6.The dominant natural resources of brunei are oil and natural gas。Brunei is also rich in forest resources ，tropical crops。文莱的主导自然资源是石油和天然气.文莱拥有丰富的森林资源,热带作物。 7.Brunei was called borneo in ancient china。The Sultanate of Oman kingdom was established as Islamic kingdom 。It was introduced in the 5th century ，and came to its golden age in the early 16th century。文莱在古代中国被称为婆罗洲马斯喀特出发王国,5th世纪建立伊斯兰国,16th世纪初达到它的鼎盛时期。
8.Brunei has its own unique political system which rests on the twin pillars of the country，s written constitution and the tradition of Malay Islamic ,Monarchy。文莱有自己独特的政治体制的双重支柱,依靠国家的成文宪法和传统的马来伊斯兰教君主制。
9.Brunei is divided into four districts namely Brunei-Muara,Tutong，Belait and Temburong，which have three levels，e.g.district，town，village。The head of the district and town are appointed by the government，but the head of the village is voted by the villagers themselves。
文莱分为四个地区即文莱摩拉,都东,马来奕区和淡布伦,具有三个层面,地区、城镇、村庄.区、镇的头是由政府委任,但是头部的村庄是由村民们自己投票选出的