项目管理人员必须充分理解和熟悉合同条款

1前言

1 introduction

随着我国改革开放的不断深入，建设工程招投标法律法规的建立和完善，工程造价按照预算定额已不能满足市场经济发展的需要，而工程量清单计价实行“量”、“价”分离形式，采用“动态价格”形式成为了主要的投标形式，它把价格的决定权逐步交给施工企业，使企业真正具有了自主定价的权利，对施工成本控制起到了决定性的作用。下面就从以下几个方面浅谈一下。

With the deepening of the reform and opening up in China, the establishment and perfection of the construction project bidding laws and regulations, the project cost according to the budget quota already cannot satisfy the needs of the development of market economy, and the bill of quantities valuation "quantity", "price" separate form, in the form of price of "dynamic" has become the main form of tender, it is to say the price step by step to the construction enterprise, make enterprise really has the rights of independent pricing, cost control of construction played a decisive role. Just talk from the following several aspects below.

2科学合理地控制人工、材料、机械台班费用

2 scientifically control labor, material, mechanical machine-team expenses

2.1人工费的控制

2.1 the artificial cost control

人工费约占建筑产品成本的8%~12%，对其的控制主要有：一是对项目消耗工日数量的控制；二是对人工费单价的控制。用工数量按《劳动定额》的工日消耗量与项目作业层签订承包合同；采用技术革新，不断提高员工队伍的技能，注意劳动组合和人机配套；充分利用有效工作时间，以提高劳动生产率，在保证工期、质量、安全的前提下降低工日消耗量。精简富余人员，提高生产工人的技术水平和班组的组织管理水平，合理进行劳动组织。

Artificial cost is about 8% ~ 12% of the cost of construction products, for its control mainly has: one is to control the project cost the number of man-days; The second is control of the artificial cost unit price. Labor consumption quantity according to the labor quota man-days sign the contract with the project operation layer; Adopt technical innovation, and

constantly improve the staff's skills, pay attention to the combination of labor and man-machine matching; Make full use of the effective working time, in order to improve labor productivity, in the guarantee period, under the premise of quality, safety, reduce the labor consumption. Simplify surplus personnel, improve the technology level of production workers and management team of the organization, reasonable labor organization.

2.2材料成本控制

2.2 the cost of materials control

材料费一般占全部工程项目成本的65%~75%，直接影响工程成本和经济效益。材料费控制包括材料订购、材料价格和材料用量控制三个方面。

Materials generally accounts for 65% ~ 75% of total project costs, directly affects project cost and economic benefits. Order material cost control, including material, material price and material consumption control in three aspects.

材料订购方面，应考虑资金的时间价值，减少资金占用，合理确

定进货量和批次，尽可能降低材料储备。订货时应注意：①多家竞标；

②避免中间环节；③向甲方申请专款专用的资金；④制定主要材料设备进场表；⑤控制进货渠道，确保物资质量；⑥严格购货合同条件，规避风险。

Material ordering, should consider the time value of money, and reduce capital takes up, reasonable carried and batch, reduce material reserves. Order should be paid attention to when: (1) several bidding; (2) avoid the intermediate links; 3. Apply to party a for the special fund is special funds;

(4) main material equipment play table; 5. Control the supply channels, to ensure the quality of goods; 6. Strict conditions of purchase contract, risk aversion.

材料价格控制包括买价控制和运费控制。①买价控制。材料采购要遵循“质量好、价格低、运期短”的原则，严格按照ISO9000和ISO14000的要求进行采购。②运费控制。合理组织运输，就近购料，选用最经济的运输方法，以降低材料储备。

Material price including purchase price and freight cost control. (1) purchase price control. Material purchasing to follow "good quality, low price, short delivery period" principle, strictly in accordance with ISO9000 and ISO14000 requirements for procurement. (2) control the