Jun.2015 Hydromechatronics Engineering Vo1.43 NO.12 Hydromechatronics Engineering http://jdy.qks.cqut.edu.ca E-mail:jdygcyw@126.com
Research status of the vi bration assisted machining(VAM)technology ng—qi LI ,Dong YU,Tao SUN (Harbin Imtit ̄e ofTechnology,Harbin 150001,China) Abstract:With the constantly development of precision and ultra・precision machining technology,the vibration assisted machining(VAM)technology applied to the precision and ultra-precision machining has become an inev。 itable trend.This paper combines the domestic and foreign researchers’achievements and introduces the basic principle of uhrasonic vibration assisted cutting technology.Finally,the advantages and research status of the ul- trasonic vibration assisted cutting technology is summarized at the end of paper.
Key words:Vibration assisted cutting,Ultrasonic assisted cutting,Precision and ultra‘precision machining doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2015.12.001 Document code:A CLC number:TG1 15.6+3
1 Brief introduction Turning is a machining process that uses the cutting tool’s sharp edge to remove the surface thin layer, then a cylindrical surface is formed.This technology has been used in cutting various types of metal materi— als for centuries.With the development of science and technology,the demands for advanced cutting technol- ogy handling difficult machining problems are in— creased at the same time[1].There are great benefits and potential in ultra—precise machining of steel with single crystal diamond cutter.But the diamond is USU- ally limited to process thenon—ferrous metals,some of the crystals and ductile materials,the adsorption be- tween carbon(diamond)and iron(workpiece)will lead to excessive wear of the cutting tool[2].The in— vention of the ultrasonic vibration cutting technology provides a solution for the above—mentionedproblems. The ultrasonic vibration cutting technology is proposed by the Japanese scholar Kumabe Junichiro in the 1950s.Ultrasonic vibration cutting overlaps regular ul— trasonic vibration on the cutting tool or workpiece, and makes the tool or workpiece vibrate periodically. Received 4 November 2014;revised 26 February 2015; accepted 5 March 2015 ¥Corresponding author:Zeng—qiang LI.Professor E—mail:zqlee@hit.edu.en It is a new technology which combines and ultrasonic cutting technologies[3]. the ordinary With the constantly development and mature of pre- cision and ultra—precision processing technology,the vibration assisted cutting technology applied to the precision and ultra—precision machining has become an inevitable trend.After studied for many years,numer- OUS domestic and foreign experts found that ultrasonic vibration cutting has significant advantages as con— pared with ordinary cutting,such as smaller cutting force,better surface quality and longer tool life. Therefore,the development of ultrasonic vibration cut— ting technology has attracted the attention of scientists all over the world. Japan is the first country to study ultrasonic machi— ning technology.In terms of the research depth and width or the practical application effects,Japan is the leader in this field.In Japan.the research on vibra. tion cutting and ultrasonic grinding has become con- siderably intensive in the 1970s.There were two of the most authoritative and most representative scholars. One is Shimakawa Jungxianat Chuo University.anoth— er is Kumabe Junichiro at Utsunomiya University.who put forward the theory of vibration cutting system in 1956 and published a number of papers.He is the first expert successfully applying the vibration cutting theory to turning,planning,milling,drilling,boring, reaming,broaching,grinding,screw thread machi— ning,gear machining,polishing,honing,stretching, 2 Zeng-qiang LI,et a1. squeezing and other processing fields,and all of these had promoted the worJdwide researches and populari— zation of ultrasonic vibration cutting.The ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting technology was put forward by Japanese scholar in the 1990s.The basic principle is based on the traditional ultrasonic vibration cutting. It adds a simple harmonic vibration toward the direc- tion of chip flow.Two orthogonal simple harmonic vi— bration make the cutting tool’s motion into an elliptic trajectory,thus it could realize the elliptical vibration cutting on workpiece. At the end of 1950s and early 1960s,the former So- viet Union began to study ultrasonic vibration cutting and published many valuable papers.The ultrasonic vibration cutting was applied to the practical process— ing of ultrasonic turning,grinding,finishing and com— posite processing,and it achieved considerable eco— nomic benefits.A discussion held in the former Soviet Union in 1973,confirmed the economic effects and practical values of ultrasonic machining,which promo— ted the popularization of this new technology in this country.America started the research on the uhrason— ic vibration cutting since 1960s.However,the quality of the designed and manufactured acoustic vibration system,transducer and generator is disillusionary due to the immature ultrasonic machining technology.In the middle of the 1970s,American begun to use the ultrasonic drilling center hole,finishing machining, grinding and welding.Other countries like German, Britain,Singapore and South Korea have also made a— bundant Ilesearches on the ultrasonic vibration’s ma- chining mechanism and industrial application,and published many valuable papers. In China,research on ultrasonic machining began at the end of the 1950s,but the research of the ultra— sonic generator,transducer,acoustic vibration system COOls down quickly due to the lack of reasonable or— ganization and sustaining researches.In the 1970s. Harbin Institute of Technology has applied the ultra— sonic turning to the airborne aluminum slender axis, and achieved excellent cutting effects,which still lacks enough summaries and studies in—depth l 4 J. Until the late 1990s,because of the urgent demands of vibration cutting technology from national defense, aerospace and other fields,ultrasonic vibration cutting technology became the resealx3h hot topic ofChinese scholars again.In this period,the Beihang University achiered a series of technological breakthroughs.At present,China has made lots of valuable achievements in the machining of materials difficult to cut or diffi— cult to break and remove chip[5].