国际商务合同中英文对照
1 Whereas
Whereas: considering that 鉴于，就……而论（法律用语）
例1
Whereas the first Party is willing to employ the second Party and the second Party agrees to act as the first Party’s Engineer in Bamako, it is hereby mutually agreed as follows:
鉴于甲方愿意聘请乙方，乙方同意应聘为甲方在巴马科（工程）的工程师，合同双方特此达成协议如下
例 2
Whereas Party B and Party A have entered into this Contract to install Party A’s air-conditioning equipment, the Parties hereto do hereby agree as follows: Chinese version for reference:
鉴于乙方与甲方订立本合同，安装甲方的空气调节设备，双方同意如下：
2 In Witness Whereof [❤1]
Whereby：In Witness Whereof：作为所协议事项的证据，这个短语常常在合同
”，“以此立（证）据”等；
In Testimony Whereof：以此为证，特立此证；
Whereby: by the agreement; by the following terms and conditions, etc.凭此协议，凭此条款等。
例 1
In Witness Whereof the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed on the day and year first before written[❤2] in accordance with their respective laws.
本协议书由双方根据各自的法律签订，于上面所签订的日期开始执行，特立此据。
例 2
In Testimony Whereof, we have hereto signed this document on _______(day/month/year).
我方于___年____月____日签署本文，特此证明。
例 3
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object.
买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。
3 Know All Men by These Presents;[❤3]
Undersigned; Now Therefore
Undersigned:[❤4]
Now Therefore:[❤5] 特此，因此等。这个短语一般接whereas 之后，引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby 连用，译“兹”，“特此”。例 1
Know All Men by these presents that we_(bank’s name)__ having our registered office [❤6] at ______ (hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto[❤7] _(the Owner’s name)_ (hereinafter called “the Owner”) in sum
“Permanent Works” means the permanent works to be executed[❤20] ” (including Plant) in accordance with the Contract.
Chinese version for reference:
“永久工程”是根据合同将实施的永久工程（包括机械设备）。
例2
Neither the Consultants nor their Sub-consultants nor the Personnel of either of them shall, either directly or indirectly, engage in such business or professional activities in China as conflict with the activities assigned to them under this Contract.
咨询人，分包咨询人或两类人员，均不能直接或间接地在中国从事与本合同所赋予的活动相冲突的商业或职业活动。
例3
“Retention Money[❤21] ” means the aggregate of all monies[❤22] retained by the Employer pursuant to Sub-Clause 60.2(a).
“保留金”是指业主根据第60.2（a）款规定留存的所有款项的总额。
６In Respect of; In Respect Thereof[❤23]
涉及，至于，在……方面，比about, concerning, as regards正式。
例1
Prior to making a claim under the performance security[❤24] , the Employer shall, in every case, notify the Contractor stating the nature of the default in respect of which the claim is to be made.
Chinese version for reference:
根据履约保证，提出索赔之前，在任何情况下，业主应通知承包人，针对提出的索赔说明违约的性质。
例2
The Employer shall indemnify the Contractor against[❤25] all claims, proceedings, damages, costs, charges and expenses in respect of the matters (referred to in the exceptions) defined in Sub-Clause 22.2.
业主应保障承包人免除承担属于第22.2款规定情况下的所有索赔，诉讼，损害，诉讼费，指控费及其他开支。
例3
The Employer shall not be liable to the Contractor for any matter or thing arising out of or in connection with the Contract or execution of the Works, unless the Contractor shall have included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement[❤26] and in the Statement at Completion[❤27] referred to in Sub-Clause 60.5.
除非承包人在其最终报表中以及在第60.5款提及的竣工报表中已经包括索赔事宜，对由合同及工程实施引起的或与之有关的任何问题和事件，雇主不应对承包人负有责任。
７In the Event That; In the Event of[❤28]
例1
In the event that the Contract Price or any other terms of the Contract changes after the issuance of the Letter of Credit [❤29] (or letter of