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精选5篇高一英语知识点总结

精选5篇高一英语知识点总结一. 直接引语和间接引语(一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。

间接引语一般构成宾语从句。

直接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。

直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。

1. 时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,等等。

例如:Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化:根据意义进行相应的变化,例如:She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”→She asked Jack where he had been.He said,“These books are mine.”→He said that those books were his.(二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。

直接引语如果是一般疑问句,用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句,则用疑问词引导间接引语。

转述的动词一般用asked,可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。

如:She said,“Is your father at home?”→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.直接引语如果是祈使句,改为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(即请求或命令)加上ask, ___, order等动词,如果祈使句为否定式,则在不定式前加not。

其句型为:ask / ___ / order someone (not) to do something. 例如:She said to us,“Please sit down.”→She asked us to sit down.He said to him,“Go away!”→He ordered him to go away.He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”→He told the boys not to make so much noise.二. 各种时态的被动语态被动语态概述被动语态的概念:它是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。

主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.被动语态的构成被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。

助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。

几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下:1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词例如:These trees were planted the year before last.3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词例如:Your radio is being repaired now.5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词When he got there, the problem was being discussed.6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词His work has been finished.Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词注意:1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。

例如:Their questions haven’t got answered.2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。

例如:More attention should be paid to the old in this country.This work can’t be done until Mr. Black es.3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语,其被动语态分别用“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to + be + 过去分词”。

例如:The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.All these books are to be taken to the library.4. 被动语态与系表结构的区别:“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构,与被动语态的形式完全一样,所以应注意它们的区别。

被动语态中的过去分词是动词,多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词,多强调状态。

前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者,而后者则不可以。

例如:The map was changed by someone.(被动结构)That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表结构)系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰,被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。

例如:He was very excited.(系表结构)He was much excited by her words.(被动结构)5. 主动形式表被动意义。

有些动词的主动形式有被动意味,如open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。

此时句子的主语一般是物。

例如:These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。

The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。

The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。

1. 表示现在 (说话瞬间) 正在进行或发生的动作。

[例句] He is reading a newspaper now.2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 (说话时动作不一定正在进行)。

[例句] What are you doing these days?3. 表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等, 常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用。

[例句] He is always thinking of others.4. 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。

常限于go, e, leave, start, arrive等表“移动”、“方向”的词。

[例句] He is ing to see me next week.【过去进行时】1. 表示过去某时正在进行的动作。

[例句] He was sleeping when Mary came to see him.2. 动词go, e, leave, arrive, start等的过去进行时常表过去将来时。

[例句] She said she was going to Bei ___g the day after tomorrow.【一般现在时】1. 表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等时间状语连用。

[例句] He often does his homework in his study.2. 表示主语现在的特征、性格和状态。

[例句] The dictionary belongs to me.3. 表示客观规律或科学真理、格言, 以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。

[例句] The moon goes around the sun.4. 在有连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引导的时间、条件和让步状语从句中, 用一般现在时表将来。

[例句] If you work hard, you won’t fail in the exam.【一般过去时】1. 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

[例句] She went to the zoo yesterday.2. 在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。

[例句] He said when she came he would ___ her.【一般将来时】1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与表示将来的时间状语连用。

[例句] I don’t know what will happen in the future.2. 常用来表示将来时的结构包括:(1) shall / will + 动词原形:(单纯) 表将来, 一般不用于条件句。

(2) be going to + 动词原形:(计划)打算做……。

(3) be about to + 动词原形:即将或正要去做某事,通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用。

(4) be to + 动词原形:预定要做……。

(5) be doing 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常与go, start, set out, leave, reach, arrive, return, e, move等表位移的动词连用。

【现在完成时】1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

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