主谓一致和就近就远原则
就近一致原则
也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。
一、在正式文体中：
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“therebe+句型；
oreither...or;nor;neither...nor;whether...or;not...but;notonly...but also”等。
Eg.
(1)What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈与我无关。
(2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。
(3)Not you but your father is to blame.
不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。
(4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong.
不仅你错了，他也错了。
2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and theshouts of the people.
在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。
(2)There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
非正式文体中：
有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“noone”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。
“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
总结：英语就近原则短语
1.Therebe句型
Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.
2.Neither...nor...
Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right.
3.either...or...
Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday.
4.not only...but also...
Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Notonly Ann’s parentsbut alsoshestays athome everySunday.
就远原则
谓语动词与前面主语一致
代表词汇：as well as;(together/along)with;Rather
than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from例子：He rather than I is right.
Nobody but two students is in the classroom.
主谓一致
一、当主语后面与with,aswellas,but,except,like,ratherthan,no less
than,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,___visitinga museum when the earthquake struck.
A.was
B.were
C.had been
D.would be
2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks___tothenationasagift.A.is offered
B.has offered
C.are offered
D.have offered
3.E-mail,as well as telephone,___an important part in dailycommunication.
A.is playing
B.have played
C.are playing
D.play
4.Nobody but Jane___the secret.
A.know
B.knows
C.have known
D.is known
5.All but one___here just now.
A.is
B.was
C.has been
D.were
二、当either...or..;neither...nor..;not only...but also..等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。
6.Either you or the headmaster___the prizes to these giftedstudents at the meeting.
A.was handing out
B.are to hand out
C.are handing out
D.is to hand out
7.Not only I but also Jane and Mary____tired of having oneexamination after another.
A.is
B.are
C.am
D.be
三、当“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，当“one of+复数名词+定语从句”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。
8.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___awinnerofscholarship for three years.
A.is
B.are
C.have been
D.has been
9.She is one of the few girls who___in the kindergarten.A.is well paid
B.are well paid
C.is paying well
D.are paying well
四、当news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是复数概念，而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
10.Everypossiblemeans___topreventthepollution,buttheskyis still not clear.
A.is used
B.are used
C.has been used
D.have been used
五、当分数（百分数）+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数。
11._____ofthelandinthatdistrcit_____coveredwithtreesand
glass.
A.Two fifth;is
B.Two fifth;are
C.Two fifths;is
D.Two fifths;are
六、the number of...(...的数目)短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；当a number of...(许多...)短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
12.Thenumberofpeopleinvited___fifty,butanumberofthem___absent for different reasons.
A.were;was
B.was;was
C.was;was
D.were;were
七、当“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
13.When and where to build the new factory___yet.
A.is not decided
B.are not decided
C.has not decided
D.have not decided
（学习的目的是增长知识，提高能力，相信一分耕耘一分收获，努力就一定可以获得应有的回报）。