各单元语法复习U 1Vocabulary Check AChoose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.1. Wepreconception】of a person from a culture and we interpret his/her behaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.2. According to Dr. Helfand, Pakistan built nuclear weapons as a 【deterrent】against India. India wanted them as a 【deterrent】against China.3. The European 【Scrutiny】Committee assesses the legal and/or political importance of each EU document, decides which EU documents are debated, monitors the activities of UK Ministers in the Council, and keeps legal, procedural and institutional developments in the EU under review.4. A major 【stumbling block】in handling criticism is that we believe the criticism to be unfair and untrue and that we should defend ourselves against such criticism.5. Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai”is somehow an insult, and in fact the term “Lao Wai” doesn’t have a negative 【connotation】in Chinese.6. China has no plan to change its 【preferential】treatment policies for foreign investment in the near future in order to reassure foreign investors who have been worried that China might cancel its 【preferential】policies and give foreign investors the same national treatment as their domestic counterparts now that the country is in the WTO.7. Restorative yoga is especially helpful for anxiety-【prone】people because it allows the nervous system to rest and heal.8. Students should develop the ability to weigh evidence without bias, tolerate 【ambiguity】, and use ethical principles in their academic and personal lives.9. Members slated for peacekeeping duties over 180 days are eligible for up to 15 days of rest and 【recuperation】.10. The norms of our own culture are not necessarily wrong－often they are very good－but we should learn not to judge other culture’s ways of acting and thinking 【ethnocentrically】only because they differ from our own.Vocabulary Check BFill in the blanks with the best choice.1.Tenacity implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along out of inability to imagine anything else.A. TenancyB. TenacityC. TendencyD. Tenure2.In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)inscrutable smile. An amazing journey!A. inscrutableB. sweetC. incredulousD. incurious3.The elimination of stereotypes was believed to be a prerequisite for any successful intercultural exchange.A. generalizationsB. judgmentsC. doubtsD. stereotypes4.The Pentagon was planning to launch a 24-hour satellite television channel based in Baghdad to make it easier to circumvent the news media “filter” that Bush Administration officials believe is misleading the public by emphasizing bad news about the occupation of Iraq.A. circumnavigateB.circulateC. circumventD. curriculum5.This class will provide you as a parent with age appropriate songs and activities to enjoy music at home with toddler that will develop coordination, balance and spatial relationship skills as well as communication and cooperation.A. scrutinyB. spaciousC. stereotypeD. spatial6.It is a truism to say that the women who teach in India must know the language, the religion, superstitions and customs of the women to be taught in India. It ought to be the very same case for England.A. truismB. genuineC. tenacityD. similarity7. The connotation of “white”in Chinese includessomething unhappy. At funerals, Chinese pay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white and writing elegiac couplets in white paper. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configurationB. conjunctionC. connotationD. connection8. The just-concluded election in Pakistan is simply afaçade for continuing military rule, according toSelig Harrison, a leading US authority on SouthAsia, Afghanistan and the region.A. inflectionB. façadeC.ambiguityD. fabrication9. As television, and to an extent the internet havepermeated further through our society, the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize.A. perpetuatedB. pervasiveC.permanent D. permeated10T here’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to concrete our friendship before I start a serious relationship.A. cementB. limeC. clayD. concreteU 3Vocabulary Check AChoose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.1.ChinaTargeting trendy young people, KFC D&D features new flavors like the 【smoothie 】series, crushed ice of different tastes and hot drinks like Hong Kong-style milk tea. It’s a wider choice of drinks and desserts than those on the regular KFC menu.2.My sister Ellie, who recently lost 20 pounds, has beenpressuring me to lose weight too. And when I asked for a second helping of the low-fat 【casserole】she served for dinner the other night, she totally went off on me.3.Most little children want a dog or a cat, and theycontinually 【pester】their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on “Rover” or “Bonze”.4.Nigerian President Obasanjo said Sunday that he isnot excluding 【sabotage】as the cause of last Sunday’s bomb explosions at the Military Cantonment in Lagos, which led to the death of more than 1,100 people.5.An obviously biased judge made derisive decisionsthroughout the trial. The strain of the trial also placed Barrie’s marriage under 【duress】, which ultimately led to his wife divorcing him, and led to Barrie’s children being derided and physically attacked by their classmates.6.The G.O.P. hopes to gain votes by attacking her as aradical feminist who prefers the boardroom to the kitchen. But the ploy could 【backfire】by alienating working women.7.B oth Luo and Guang admit their drugs, whileeffective in combating AIDS and alleviating its syndromes, may not be the final answer to solving the AIDS crisis. Rather, they believe, combined 【therapy】is the likely ultimate answer. Luo said his drugs, when combined with Western medicine, such as the AZT, have shown double the effectiveness for treating AIDS patients.8.This 【delectable 】TV programme is suitable forthose half-educated people.9.“John has no 【siblings】. So when his parents passedaway, he inherited everything from the family－properties, bank savings, stocks and a big house. He’s really living on easy street.”10.Anthropologist Dr. Edward T. Hall points out that,for two unacquainted adult male North Americans, the comfortable distance to stand for private conversation is from arm’s length to about four feet apart. For as the South American moves in, the North American feels he’s being pushy; and as the North American backs off the South American thinks he’s being 【standoffish】Vocabulary Check BFill in the blanks with the best choice.1. There was so much pain there, inadvertently causedb y both sides over the years. I didn’t want to hurt them, nor they me, but the harm had been done and it was irreversible.A. inappreciablyB. inadvertentlyC. inarticulatelyD. invisibly2. Strengthening regional economic cooperation is a top priority for many Asian countries. Interdependence among these different countries is becoming stronger - thanks to the adoption of a more open economic model. And now, Asian countries are making efforts to promote regional_ integration, and in turn realize common prosperity.A. integrationB. diversityC. competitionD. integral3. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge, they will firstly try to understand the new phenomena using the logic reference of_ analogy.A. comparisonB. analysisC. counterpartD. analogy4. If you mess up, it’s not your parents’ fault, so don’t whine about your mistakes, learn from them.A. wonderB. worriedC. whineD. pester5. The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually steer it in a profitable direction.A. adaptB. controlC. installD. steer6. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow obsolete, particularly in western Europe.A. obscureB. obsoleteC. optionalD. overlapping7. From busy homemakers to professional people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of prepackaged meals that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand, many Americans recognize the value of culinary art.A. cookieB. culinaryC. cuisineD. cook8. The chairman of the board pressed on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.A. compelledB. posedC. pressedD. tempted9. I am not compatible with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.A. concernedB. compatibleC. considerateD. complied10.A good education should train students to think for themselves. However, most of them are trained in the technique of examination under duress.A. dulyB. dutyC. duressD. obligationU 4Vocabulary Check AChoose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences. Remember to change the form if necessary.warranted】.2.The progress of studies comes from hard work and is 【retarded】by frivolities.3.Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was 【offset】by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.4. The renewing of the 【infrastructure】needs greaterfiscal investments from the government.5.The【vestige】of plan economy is being erased step by step.6.The newcomer has gradually learned what is【entailed】in the position as a qualified salesperson.7. The disagreements in the nuclear negotiation are【symptomatic】of the tensions between America and Iran.8.The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textile imports from China will definitly【thwart】the bilateral trade in other areas.9.The Labour Party under Tony Blair won a(n)【aggregate】number of 356 seats in the presidential election.10.Policy makers and economists shoulder the responsibility of【optimizing】the use of resources. Vocabulary Check BChoose the appropriate word from the list to complete the following paragraph. Remember to change the form if necessary.The true rate of (1) returnhigh as 30% or 40%. Our knowledge of true return to education is currently very (2)limited as is our knowledge of the true rate of return to physical capital. More studies on rigorous data are (3)warranted. A more factually informed knowledge base will improve government decision making. If governments (4) evaluate projects, whether they are human capital projects, or investment projects for dams, road, bridges or factories, they will make better investment decisions. Project evaluations play an important role in keeping good investments and promoting good projects and (5) eliminating the bad. The value of factually informed cost-benefit econometrics is extraordinarily high. Cost-benefit studies produce value for local governments, provincial government and central government. Research that creates and collects much richer data sets on the returns to all kinds of human and physical capital to guide policy formation will improve policy making. Creating incentives and developing capital markets would promote investment in human capital. It is not necessary to use funds from the center or (6)presume that education and skill formation should be governmentally supplied. Free up the labor market and the market for education would (7) harnessthe forces that promote acquisition of skills by (8) fostering the training of individual workers by firm, or encourage individuals to train themselves in the workplace to be better farmers, better factory workers and better managers. Otherwise, educational (9)_ expenditures should be increased and equalized across regions to (10) maximize the return on human capital investment. U 5 Vocabulary Check A Choose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences. 1. Even theCongress to hold down other spending or dip into funds 【earmark 】 for Social Security. 2. Since Pain was paying no attention to him, he decided that he might without 【 impropriety 】 ignore Pain. 3. The choice of household and industrial waste disposal is between tipping and 【incineration 】. 4. Operation Rescue was an organization notorious for its confrontational tactics and its implacable opposition to 【abortion 】 under all circumstances. 5. Since then we have had 【cyclone 】, wars, floods, so many things to add and subtract. 6. Coconuts are being scraped and the juice is squeezed on pounded taro or 【cassava 】 for puddings. 7. The psychological advantages or disadvantages on woman and 【fetus 】must be addressed and researched so that informed decisions can still be made. 8. Not all cultural practices are as extreme and the character of the ground flora will also depend on the land-use prior to 【afforestation 】. 9. The firm pledges its inventory as 【collatera l 】 for a short-term loan, but the lender has no physical control over the inventory. 10. There is no apparent conclusive scientific study, but the 【anecdotal 】 evidence is strong that the herb is useful. Vocabulary Check B 1. The decision to opt for sewage composting was made largely in order to reduce the need for water for flushing the toilet. A. sew B. sewerage C. sewage D. sewn 2. The end product of such a course of evolution is anobligate parasite that is inextricably linked to a particular host.A. paradiseB. parasiticC. parasiteD. parasite3. The situation for teachers without tenure varies according to the circumstances surrounding the dismissal.A. tenureB. tentC. tendencyD. tenured4. Garth doesn’t work; he just lives off his inheritance.A. inheritorB. inherentC. inheritD. inheritance5. It causes many complications, including small placenta size, stillbirth and low birth weight.. A. stillborn B. stillbirth C. stilllife D. stillwater6. The market will undervalue goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and will consequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalueB. devalueC. underweightD. value7. The alert library media specialist will have recognized at once that mainstreaming is, after all, a kind of integration.A. majorityB. maintenanceC. mainstreamingD. mainframe8. The new decoder uses an amplitude locked-in combination with a phase locked loop to achieve this breakthrough.A. looseB. loopholeC. loomD. loop9. Geometrically, the inner product of two vectors can be considered a measure of their similarity.A. carriersB. vectorsC. agentsD. mediums10. They include a new way of controlling waterborne diseases, and of administering drugs to people with chronic diseases.A. waterborneB. water-sickC. waterbedD. water cureU 7Vocabulary Check AChoose the appropriate word from the list to complete the following sentences.1. The distance was not great enough to 【obliterate】details, it only made them little, and mellow, and dainty, like landscapes and towns seen through the wrong end ofa spy-glass.2. The water, however, will 【encroach】little by little onthe shore, the island becoming lower and smaller, and the space between the inner edge of the reef and the beach proportionately broader.3. To 【remit】the punishment of such crimes was, he said, to encourage them.4.Elizabeth also wept and was unhappy, but hers also was the misery of innocence, which, like a cloud that passes over the fair moon, for a while hides but cannot 【tarnish】its brightness.5. When Ajax saw his mark he knew it and was glad; he threw it to the ground and said, "My friends, the lot is mine, and I rejoice, for I shall【vanquish】Hector.6. “Now, it is of no use, Peak,” said Sir John, raising his hand in 【deprecation】of his delivering any message; “I am not at home.”7. In submarine works, the workman, clad in an【impervious】dress, with his head in a metal helmet, receives air from above by means of forcing pumps and regulators.8. Large 【valances】of silk, embroidered with flowers of gay colors, which were rather faded, fell from the wide windows; the fittings of the room were simple, but in excellent taste9. Perhaps had one been there to point them out to us, we might have noted 【indentations】in the mud, but they were countless, one overlapping another into a confusion that would have been entirely meaningless to us.10. Their arms were rather longer and their legs shorter in proportion to the torso than in man, and later I noticed that their great toes protruded at right angles from their feet—because of their arboreal habits, I presume.Vocabulary Check BFill in the blanks with the best choice.1. The sea laughed and flashed and preened and allured, like a beautiful, coquettish woman.A. coquettishB. vulnerableC. weirdD. shrewd2. He has done me no harm, poor wrench, but he is an eyesore to me now, for he is Driscoll, the young gentleman, and I am a—oh, I wish I was dead.A. eyelashB. eyewitnessC. eyesoreD. eye-opener3. Does any secret repugnance, or any hereditary dislike, exist between you and her family?A. hystericalB. hereditaryC. incredibleD. incredulous4. And so the sailors fled into the stern and crowded bemused about the right-minded helmsman, untilsuddenly the lion sprang upon the master and seized him; and when the sailors saw it they leapt out overboard one and all into the bright sea, escaping from a miserable fate, and were changed into dolphins.A. amusedB. amazedC. bemusedD. obsessed5. There must be some good reasons for these dispensations of fate, but I have never sought to discover them.A. discrepanciesB. discriminationsC. dispatchesD. dispensations6. The rifle hanging upon the wall caught his first attention; it was for this strange, death-dealing thunder-stick that he had yearned for months; but now that it was within his grasp he scarcely had the temerity to seize itA. temerityB. condolenceC. tenacityD. conspiracy7. And here, instead of its being a matter of_ condolence,it turns out to be one of congratulationA. meditationB. condolenceC. relevanceD. sensation8. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to divulge it.A. divulgeB. dispenseC. dissolveD. disperse9. Consider that the poison was so virulent that even a man who is as strong as an ox like Malone here, could hardly get up the stairs before he fell unconscious.A. viciousB. villainousC. virulentD. vehement10. Anne was sitting at her open window, for the time forgetful of the woes of examinations and the cares of the world, as she drank in the beauty of the summer dusk, sweet-scented with flower breaths from the garden below and sibilant and rustling from the stir of poplars.A. thrillingB. shimmeringC. thunderingD. sibilant。