冠词重点知识归纳及讲解（一）概说1．冠词是一种虚词，不能独立担任一个成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。

英语中有两个冠词：1）定冠词the2）不定冠词a/an定冠词the通常读作[]，在元音前读作[i]，特别强调或单念时读作[i:]。

不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用an这个形式，读作[n]；在其他情况下则使用a，读作[]。

2．冠词的基本意义不定冠词a/an与数词one同源，表示“一个”的意思，用在可数名词单数前。

例如： She is a nurse. 她是个护士。

He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife.他是一位英国人，有一个爱尔兰妻子。

定冠词the，与this同源，有“这（那）个”的意思，但比较弱，表示一（几）个特定的人或东西，有时可译作“这个（些）”或“那个（些）”。

例如：That’s the book you want. 这就是你要的那本书。

Who’s the young man over there? 那边那个年轻人是谁？但在很多情况下，“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。

例如：Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上。

Shut the door, please. 请把门关上。

3．特指和泛指一般来说，名词有特指和泛指两种情况，请比较下面的句子：A gentleman is asking to see you. 有位先生要求见你。

（泛指）Ask the gentleman to come in. 请那位先生进来。

（特指）在特指时一般前面要加定冠词，而泛指时则有三种情况：1）在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。

例如： She sent me a postcard 她寄给我一张明信片。

2）在可数名词复数前可不加冠词，可使用some, any这类词。

例如： These are new words. 这些是生词。

She sent me some flowers. 她送给我一些花。

3）在不可数名词前多不加什么，有时也可加some, any等。

例如：It’s lovely weather. 天气真好。

Do you want any sugar in your tea? 你茶里要放点糖吗？Give us some help. 给我们一些帮助。

（二）不定冠词的基本用法1．泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”）如： His father is a doctor. 他父亲是医生。

2．代表某一类人或事物，相当于any（+名词）（不必译为“一”，但必须用a，表示类别）如： A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。

3．指某人或某物（不是指某一类），但不具体说明何人或何物（一般译为“一”）如： This book was written by a worker. 这本书是一位工人写的。

4．表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈（一般译为“一”）如： Wait a moment. 等一下。

5．表示单位，相当于“每”的意思如： We have three meals a day. 我们每日吃三餐。

6．用于某此固定词组中例如：a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。

（三）定冠词的基本用法1．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物如： Give me the book. 把那本书给我。

2．指谈话双方都知道的人或事物如： Where is the doctor? 医生在哪儿？3．再次提到上文提到过的人或事物如： I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home.昨天我买了一本词典。

词典在家里。

4．用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物如： The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.地球比月亮大，但比太阳小。

5．用在序数词和形容词最高级前如： Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一节课。

Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth.在所有的恒星中，太阳离地球最近。

6．用在单数可数名词，表示某一类人或事物如：The horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。

7．与下列专有名词连用1）在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前如： the Changjiang River, the Great Lake2）在姓氏的复数名词前，表示夫妇二人或全家人如： The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正围坐在早餐桌旁。

8．和某些形容词连用，表示一类人如： the old 老人 the young 年轻人 the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the sick 病人 the dead 死人9．在一些习惯说法中the east (west, south, north) in the morning (afternoon, evening)on the left (right) in the end go to the cinema （四）不用冠词的几种情况（零冠词）1．在专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前不用冠词如： Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你到过上海吗？We love science. 我们爱好科学。

2．在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词如： Girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以当科学家。

3．在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前不用冠词如： It is hot in summer. 夏天天气热。

It’s Tuesday, August the 22nd. 今天是八月二十二日，星期三。

Have you had breakfast? 你吃过早饭没有？4．称呼语或表示头衔，职务的名词前不用冠词如：What’s the matter with you, Mike? 怎么啦，迈克？He is headmaster of our school. 他是我们学校的校长。

5．学科和球类运动的名称前不用冠词如： We study English. 我们学习英语。

Do you like to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗？6．名词前已有用作定语的this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代词时，不用冠词如： That is her bike.那是她的自行车。

Each student in his class studies hard. 这个班的每个学生都努力学习。

7．在某些固定词组的名词前不用冠词如： at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed等。

（五）用与不用冠词的差异in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里 go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上 take place发生/take the place(of)代替at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁 by sea乘船/by the sea在海边in future从今以后，将来/in the future未来 on horseback骑着马/on the horseback 在马背上two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人) next year明年/the next year 第二年in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在……(内部的)前面go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的，办不到的a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)随堂监测A组I.单项选择：1. 上学 A. go to school B. go to the school C. go to a school2. 住院 A, in the hospital B. in a hospital C. in hospital3. 此刻 A. at the moment B. at a moment C. at moment4. 在课堂上 A. in class B. in a class C. in the class5. 在地球上 A. on earth B. on an earth C. on the earth6. 步行 A. on foot B. on the foot C. on feet7. 吃饭 A. at a table B. at the table C. at table8. 乘公共汽车A. take bus B. by bus C. by the bus9. 在家 A. at the home B. at a home C. at home10. 在工作 A. at work B. at the work C. at works11. 跳高 A. jump high B. high jump C. the high jump12. 坐飞机 A. by air B. by the air C. on air13. 乘火车 A. by the train B. by train C. on train14. 在校学习 A. in the school B. in school C. in schools15. 睡觉 A. go to bed B. go to the bed C. go to a bed16. 感冒 A. have a cold B. have the cold C. have cold17. 乘船 A. by ship B. on ship C. by a ship18. 玩得痛快 A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times19. 事实上 A. in the fact B. in facts C. in fact21. 从早到晚A. from morning to the evening B. from morning to evening C. from a morning to an evening随堂监测B组选择填空1. There is ______ old woman in the car.A. /B. theC. aD. an2. Shanghai is in _______ east of China.A. /B. anC. theD. a3. Bill is ______ English teacher. He likes playing ______ football.A. a, theB. an, theC. a, /D. /, /4. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _____ hour to go there by ______ bus.A. an, /B. an, aC. a, /D. /, /5. The story is ______ interesting. That means it is ______ interesting story.A. an, theB. the, a.C. /, anD. /, a6. Let’s go for ______ walk, shall we?A. aB. anC. theD. /7. This is ______ interesting story-book and it is also ______ useful one.A. a, aB. an, anC. an, aD. a, an8. _______ woman over there is ______ popular teacher in our school.A. A, anB. The, aC. The , theD. A, the9. They passed our school ______ day before yesterday.A. anB. oneC. aD. the10. Australia is ______ English-speaking country.A. aB. anC. theD. /11. Don’t play ______ basketball here. It’s dangerous.A. aB. anC. /D. the12. This is ______ apple. It’s _______ big apple.A. an, aB. a, theC. a, anD. an, the13. --- Have you seen ______ bag? I left it here just now.--- Is it ______ one on the chair near the door?A. a, aB. the, theC. a, theD. the, a14. I have ______ blue coat.A. aB. anC. theD. some15. This is _____ orange. _______ orange is on the table.A. a, TheB. an, TheC. an, AnD. the, An16. Have you had ______ breakfast?A. aB. anC. theD. /17. He wondered when the doctor could finish _____ operation.A. aB. anC. theD. any18. After ______ supper, he stayed at home and played ______ violin.A. the, theB. /, theC. /, aD. /, /19. There is ______ apple on the plate.A. aB. anC. theD. /20. He said that he got ______ “ C” in the test.A. aB. anC. theD. /21. ______ new bridge has been built over ______ Huangpu River.A. The, aB. A, /C. A, theD. An, an22. English is _______ useful language in ______ world.A. an, theB. a, theC. the, theD. an, an23. In the word “ cariage” _______ “ r” is lost.A. theB. anC. aD. /24. With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got ______ “ A” in the test.A. aB. anC. theD. one25. I have two dogs. ______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old.A. A, aB. The, aC. The, theD. A. the26. Li Dan can play ______ piano very well.A. /B. aC. anD. the27. What ______ interesting film it is! I like ______ film very much.A. a, theB. a, aC. an, theD. The, /28. ______ tall man over there is our ______ English teacher.A. A, theB. The, aC. A, anD. The, /同步练习1.There is _____ apple on the desk.a. a b .the c. an d./2.The girl under ____ tree is my sister.a. a b .the c .an d./3.Mary is from _____ USA.a. ab. thec. and./4.He met _____ friend of his on the road.a. a b .the c .an d./5.Mr Black will go back to England______.a .by airb .by a plane c. by trains d. at a train6.Yesterday i went to work on foot.a. /， / b ./， the c .the， / d. the， the7.There is “h” in the word “hour”， but “h”doesn’t make a sound.a. a， ab. a， thec. the， an d .an. the8.I’m going to see my mother. She is ill ____.a. in hospitalb. in the hospitalc. in a hospitald. at a hospital9. We have three meals day. we have breakfast at 6：30 in morning every day.a. the， the， theb. the， /， thec. a， /， the d .a， the， the10.——This is film i’ve told you about several times.——It’s great. i’ve never see more moving one.a. a， ab. the， thec. the， ad. a， the11.——Tina，could you please play piano for me while i’m singing？——With pleasure.a .a b. an c. the d. /12.Iwant to try again. please give me third chance again.a .a b. the c. an d. /13. ——What’s the matter with you？——I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.a. a; /b. a; thec. a; ad. the; the14. sun is shining brightly.a. ab. anc. thed. /15. Swimming is in summer.a. a great funb. great func. great funsd. great a fun小学定冠词和不定冠词练习题1.在空格内填上a或an1. _____ear2.______actor3. _____hen4. ______toy5. ______university6. ______elephant7. ______hat 8.______umbrella 9.______rabbit10.______idea 11.______hour 12_______ honest boy13.______interesting book 14.______easy question15.______orange dress 16_______apple pie17_______X-ray machine 18.______ice cream2.用a,an,the或“/”填空1.________Washington is _______capital of ________United States of America.2.There is _________”A” on his paper.3. I ate ______apple .It’s _______red apple.4._______tall man over there is my boss.5._______earth moves around sun.6.No news is ________good news.7.Have you visited Great Wall?8.They often play football after school.9.Children need love and attention.10.Are there any birds in sky?11. student in the third row is tallest in our class.12.Did you have breakfast this morning?13.Mr.White will go to Tokyo by air.14.By way,do you know old woman in glasses?3.选择填空1.Mom tells her little daughter old story every night.A. aB. /C. anD. the2. computer on the table is Susan’s.A. AB. AnC. TheD. /3.There is map of the world on wall. map is mine.A. a, a, AB. a, the, TheC. the, the, TheD. the, the, A4. Whites live on floor.A. /, threeB. A, thirdC. The, thirdD.The, the third5. Spring comes after winter.A. /, /B.The, /C.The, theD.A, the6.I bought shoes yesterday. shoes are very beautiful.A. a, TheB. a pair of, TheC. the, TheD. a pair, The pair7.He was soldier in the Second World War.A. aB. anC. theD. /8.She can play and .A. the tennis, the guitarB. tennis, guitarC. the tennis, guitarD. tennis, the guitar9.I can see moon and clouds in the sky.A. the, aB. a, aC. the, /D. the, the10. “c” is in “cat.”“s” is in “sat.”A. An, AnB. An, AC. A, AD. A, An11. Tian’anmen Square is in Beijing.A. /, /B. A, /C. The, /D. /, the12.—Can you tell me nearest bookshop?—Go straight and turn right at_______third crossing, and you will see it.A. the, aB. the, theC. a, theD. the, /（资料素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。