Keep her from moving so I can take her picture.
Keep her from moving so I can take her picture.


What happened to Ted at that night? What happened to Ted at that night?
Auxiliary verbs （助动词）: be, am, are, was, have, has
Modal verbs（情态动词）: shall, will, must, can


I bought two new books. I bought two new books. He listen to the radio carefully. He listen to the radio carefully.
Adverbs（副词）:
pretty, cool, bright
very, well, bravely


Numerals（数词）:four, 10th, first
what, when, who, where, how
interrogative pronouns（疑问代词）:
Demonstrative pronouns（指示代词）: this, that, these, those
Stressed Words & Unstressed Words in a Sentence
I shall have to try and get some cash from our bank at lunchtime.
I shall have to try and get some cash from our bank at lunchtime.
The importance of sentence stress
If you stress all the words in an utterance, you may sound unpleasant or even cause misunderstanding because
1. You are giving too much information, and


They carry the message and therefore usually stressed.
Content words

Nouns(名词):
book, paper, idea
Notional verbs（实义动词）: walk, dance, travel


Adjectives（形容词）:


What did she say ? What did she say ?
The story is very funny. The story is very funny.

I called her at home, but she was at school. I called her at home, but she was at school.

These words connect the content words to form grammatical sentences; They don’t carry important messages, and therefore usually unstressed.

Function words (功能词；虚词）
2.Function words
(功能词；虚词) are
usually unstressed.
Content words and function words
Content words:

名词，实义动词，形容词, 副词, 数词，指示代词和疑问代词

nouns, notional verbs, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, interrogative pronouns, and demonstrative pronouns. They give information about who, what, when, where, why, how. They express the main idea or content of the phrase or sentence.
There are 3 levels of stress in English sentence:
I shall have to try and get some cash from our bank at lunchtime.
Strong stress ( focus words )
Stress ( content words )
强重读（焦点词）
重读 （实词）
Unstressed words (function words )非重读（虚词）
I shall have to try and get some cash from our bank at lunchtime.
对于单个单词来讲，每个单词都有一个重读音节，其它音节
Function words
Function words are usually unstressed words .
articles, personal pronouns, possessive pronouns,
prepositions, auxiliary verbs and conjunctions. （冠词，人称代词，物主代词，介词，助动词和连词）
弱读。
当单词放在句子中或者短语中后，有些单词保留原来的重读，
有些单词则被弱化。 一般来说： 句子中的实词 ( content words )都要重读； 句子中的虚词 ( function words) 都要弱读； 句子中的最后一个名词，动词，形容词或副词，要读的比其 它词都响亮，这个被突出的单词，被称为焦点词（focus words)。
Articles (冠词）: a , an, the Prepositions（介词）: at, for, from, to, of Conjunctions（连词）: and, as, but, than, or, so Pronouns（代词）: you, he, him, us, them, your, me, their

英语句子重读的一般规律通常是实词重读，虚词不重读。

但这个一般规律并不是一成不变的。为了表达的需要: 有些实词可能失去句子重音; 有些虚词又可能获得句子重音。 He was hit by a car.
The car was hit by another car. What’s your name? Hello, I'm John. What's your name? bread and butter ---Did you say “bread”? ---I said “bread and butter”.
总之，在话语中，句子的重音主要取决于说话人的意愿和他希望表达的 意思。
2. English native speakers usually stress all words only when they are impatient or angry.
What to stress in a sentence?
1. Content words（信息词；实词） are usually stressed.