不定式在句子中可以作主语.宾语.宾补.表语.定语和状语：1.不定式作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy. 学外语不容易。
Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? (it 为形式主语) 有必要在国庆节之前完成这个设计吗？如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加for引起的短语,即for +名词/代词宾格+不定式。
It is good for us to take part in physical labour 参加体力劳动对我们有益某些表示人的品行的形容词(如kind, good, nice, wrong, careless, wise, foolish, polite, clever, right,unwise, stupid, thoughtful, rude, silly, impolite等)作表语时不定式前常可用of引起的短语,既be+形容词+of+ 名词/代词的宾格+不定式.It is stupid of her to make such a mistake. 她真蠢,犯这样的错误2. 不定式作宾语I forgot to turn the oven on. 我忘记打开炉子。
有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。
afford aim agree arrange ask decide promise care choose demand desire determine expect hate hope fail help learnlong mean manage offer plan pretend refuse intend bother tend3.不定式作宾语补足语不定式可以和名称或代词构成复合结构,作动词的宾语,不定式作宾语补足语We advised him to have a good rest 常带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, force,advise,get,beg,allow,help,want,wish,like,order,expect,prefer,encourage,hate,warn,per mit等.但在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at 等动词后的复合宾语中,不定式不带to. 在help后不定式可以带to,也可以不带to The boss made the workers work day and night.老板迫使工人们日夜干活Will you help me (to) plant this tree, please? 请您帮我种这棵树好吗？4. 不定式作定语He has a lot of questions to ask. 他有许多问题要问。
不定式作定语时,须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后.不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系.如果这个不定式是不及物的,它后面应有必要的介词I use a pen to write with.5. 不定式作表语Disney’s greatest wish was to be a famous artist. 迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成为一个著名的艺术家。
6.不定式作状语不定式作状语可以修饰动词,表示目的,结果,或原因To catch the first bus, I have to get up early. (目的)She went aboard never to return. (结果)I was surprised to see him there.(原因)不定式的否定形式否定式的否定形式是在不定式符号to前加not 构成He decided not to go home.疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who, which, what, when, where, how, whether等后接不定式,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语.表语.宾语等。
When to start has not been decided.（主语）I don’t know what to choose.（宾语）The question is how to put the plan into practice.（表语）动词不定式省略to的情况1. 在助动词或情态动词后面May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗?2. 在make, let, see, watch, hear, notice, feel, have, listen to , look at等动词后(作宾语补足语)Let me hear you play the piano. 让我听你演奏钢琴吧。
3. 在why引起的某些问句中Why turn off the gas? 为什么不再试一下？4. 在had better, would rather, would rather…than, would sooner, would sooner…than, cannot but, do nothing but 等结构后面He can’t but a gree (他不得不同意)He would rather /sooner die than surrender(他宁死不屈)My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive (我妈妈没办法,只好等医生来)5. 在“Will you please + 动词不定式” 一类表示邀请或命令的句型中Will you please bring me some chicken? 请给我带点鸡肉来好吗?6. 在“Why…” 或“Why not…” 一类表示建议的句型中Why not join us? (= Why won’t you join us?) 为什么不加入到我们中来吗?7. 在介词except, but之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,不定式一般不带to,反之则带toThere is nothing to do except wai t till it stops raining (没办法,只好等雨停了) There is no choice but to wait till it stops raining (没办法,只好等雨停了)8. 当作宾语的不定式再次出现时,为了避免重复,不定式往往省略,只保留不定式符号to.常出现在下列动词后:want, wish, like, love, hope, plan, try ,hate 等You don’t have to eat if you don’t want to.如果你不想吃,就不必吃了--Have you listened to the music? 你听了那首曲子了吗?--No, but I plan to 没有,但我打算听I.句型转换1. It is impossible that a child can lift such a heavy box.It is impossible _______________________such a heavy box.2. It happened that you had known each other before.You happened ____________________each other before.3. The progress which will be made soon is of great importance.The progress _________________________ is of great importance.4. The boss made the workers work all night.The workers were ______________all night.5. When we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed.When _________________ the meeting is still to be discussed.6. It seemed they were writing something for somebody.They seemed _______________________something for somebody.7. I find that it is difficult to speak English well.I find ____________________to speak English well.8. Jane doesn’t know how she can improve her Chinese.Jane doesn’t know__________________ improve her Chinese.9. The girl got up earlier so that she might not be late again.The girl got up earlier_______________________ be late again.10. We found the lesson was difficult to understand.We found the lesson _______________________.II.单项选择1. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything____?A. to be buyingB. to buyC. for buyingD. bought2. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role______ inmaking the earth a better place to live.A. to have playedB. to playC. to be playedD. to be playing3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple , but it remains_______whether they will enjoy it.A to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen4. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows______.A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it5. ---- How do deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?----The key ______the problem is to meet the demand______ by the customers.A. to solving; makingB. to solving; madeC. to solve; makingD. to solve ; made6. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market , many state-runcompanies are striving ______ their product more competitive.A. to makeB. makingC. to have madeD. having made7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour.A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. to be waiting8. In order to make our city green, _______.A. it is necessary to have planted more treeB. many more trees need to plantC. our city needs more treeD. we must plant more trees9. With a lot of difficult problems _______,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled10. _____ you the truth, I didn’t want to tell you about it.A. To tellB. TellingC. To be toldD. Told11. Let your mother know all the truth. She appears ______ everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told12._______late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleepB. SleepingC. SleepD. Having13. In order to improve English, _________.A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapesB. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herselfC. a lot of tapes were bought by JennyD. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father14. Robert is said ______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying15. Her mother told her not to _______, _______ would be bad for her health.A. keep up; whatB. keep up; whichC. stay up; whichD. stay up; what1. The poor girl was so frightened that she could do nothing but____there___.A stand; weepB stand;weepingC to stand;to weepD stood;wept2. The task they gave me is quite difficult to______.A doB be doneC be finishedD deal3. Paul doesn’t have to be made_______.He always works hard.A learnB to learnC learnedD learning4. I hope _____sucessful this time.A him to beB to beC that he beD it to be5. When the village was flooded,the last man_____his house was my uncle.A leftB to leaveC leavingD being left6. Tom kept silent about the accident_____lose the job.A so not as toB so as not toC so as to notD not so as to7. Will you be able to attend the lecture______next week.A givingB givenC to be givenD being given8. Helen had to shout____above the sound of the music.A making herself hearB to make herself hearC making herself heardD to make herself heard9. The fat boy was made_____more exercise to lose weight.A takingB takeC to takeD to takng10. Little Jim should love____to the theatre this evening.A to be takenB to takeC being takenD taking11. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind_____to buy.A whatB whichC howD where12. It is foolish _____such a mistake.A for him to makeB for him makingC of him makingD of him to make13. It is easy____one to pick up English in Britain.A ofB forC toD in14. I find these problems are easy _____.A to be worked outB to work them outC to work outD to be worked them out15. Robert is said _____abroad,but I don’t know what country he studied in.A to have studiedB to studyC to be studyingD to have been studying16. The patient was warned____oily food after the operation.A to eat notB eating notC not to eatD not eating17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him___.A not toB not to doC not do itD do not to18. _____more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789A To find outB Finding outC Find outD Having found out19. People can’t help_____the foolish and the lazy succeed.A to makeB makingC getD getting20. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_____it more difficult.A not makeB not to makeC not makingD do not make21. －I usually go there by train.－ Why not____by boat for a change?A to try goingB to try and goC trying to goD try going22. _____,I can speak very little English.A Tell you the truthB The truth to tellC To tell the truthD Truth telling23. With some books badly needed____,she hurried to the bookstore.A buyingB boughtC to buyD buy24. Have you checked all the CDs_____to the mountainous area next week?A sentB to be sentC sendingD being sent25. Pleasant as they made it_____,we felt tired after the long journey.A to travelB travelC traveledD traveling26. The director had the assistant_____some hot dogs for the meeting.A picked upB picks upC pick upD picking up27. －Shall we go outing this weekend?－Oh,with all this work_____,I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.A to doB doingC doneD do28.____a better education, one must work harder.A GetB GettingC GotD To get29. Rather than_____everything to the last minute,he always prefers____early.A leave,startB leaving,startC leave,to startD to leave,starting30. Last summer holiday,I went back to my hometown,___the neighbours and the house___I used to be familiar with were gone.A only finding,whichB only to find,thatC to find,whomD found,that动词不定式作宾语：1). I'm very busy this week and can't afford _________ (see) two films.2). I aim ________ (be) a lawyer.3). They agreed __________ (give) it to me the next day.4). I will arrange _________ (do) as you wish.5). They ask ___________ (meet) you alone.6). She decided __________ (live) in London.7). He chose not _____________ (reply).8). She demanded __________ (see) the headmaster.9). The boss demanded that Mary _________ (finish) it within aweek.10). She desired ___________ (marry) a rich man.11). She determined _________ (go) that very afternoon.12). He was determined __________ (win) the game.13). I hope _________ (see) you and your family soon.14).The driver failed ______ (see) the other car in time.15).Write out this word ten times so that you learn how ______ (spell)it.16).Do you mean ______ (go) without money?17).How did you manage ______ (get) their approval（同意，批准，支持）?18).He offered ______ (help) me.19).We're planning ________ (visit) London this summer.20). He doesn't pretend _______ (be) a genius.21).The engine refused ______ (start).22). He expected ______ (finish) the work by March.23). She hates ______ (be) late for work.24). I intended ______(catch) the early train, but I didn't get up intime.25). She tends ______ (get) angry when others disagree with her.26). You needn't bother ______ (come) to my office.27). She longed ______ (return) home.28). I don't care ______ (go) out.29). It promises ______(be) fine tomorrow.30). He promised ______ (help) us.。