动词不定式用法动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。
但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。
动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。
下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。
1.作主语可以直接作主语。
如:To see is to believe.但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
如:It's wrong to play tricks on other people.It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。
2.作宾语a.want,decide ,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如:We agreed to start early.She wants to be a doctor.b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。
点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。
提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。
如:I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。
c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
提示板:1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。
stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。
例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk.当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。
2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别?d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
如:The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.I feel it easy to recite the text.点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。
3.作宾语补足语a.tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。
如:I tell him not to go there by bus .Edison's mother taught him to read and write.b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch,notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。
如:The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.I heard her sing in the next room.提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。
如:They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss.She was heard to sing in the next room.4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面例句:I have a lot of work to do.The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy.点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。
如:I have a small bedroom to live in.Have you got some pens to write with?5.表语:放在连系动词be后面例句:His wish is to become a scientist.The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives.当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。
点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。
6.作状语a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,in order等词后面。
如:I come to see you.He runs fast in order to get there in time.b.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed,excited等词后面。
如:I am glad to see you here.I am sorry to trouble you.c.作结果状语。
如:Some of the apples are hard to reach.The room is large enough to hold 1000 people.7.与what,who,whose,when,where,how等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。
如:I don't know what to do next.(宾语)He taught us how to use the computer.(宾语补足语)It's still a question how to get there.(主语)【模拟试题】(答题时间:30分钟)一. 选择填空:1. He asked me ________ here earlier.A. comeB. to comeC. comingD. came2. Please tell him _______ on the wall.A. don’t drawB. to not drawC. not to drawD. not draw3. He wanted ________ a cup of tea.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had4. I’d like ________ a word with you.A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have5. I came here _______ my uncle.A. sawB. to seeC. seeingD. to be seen6. The man refused (拒绝)________ back his words.A. to takeB. takingC. tookD. takes7. I can let you ________ one ticket.A. to haveB. haveC. havingD. had8. We often heard him _________ in his room.A. to singB. singsC. sangD. sing9. He was made ________ day and night.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked10. He stopped ______ a look, but saw nothing.A. havingB. to haveC. haveD. had11. My father was too angry _________ a word.A. to sayB. not to sayC. to sayingD. didn’t say12. My brother was old enough ________ to school.A. wentB. goesC. goingD. to go13. It is time ________ him ________ supper.A. of, to haveB. for, to haveC. of, havingD. for, to has14. It’s very kind _______ you ______ me.A. of, to helpB. for, to helpC. of, helpD. of, helping15. It’s important _________ our classroom clean every day.A. keptB. to keepC. to giveD. keep16. Before liberation (解放)they had no chance _______ to school.A. wentB. goC. to goD. to be gone17. He said he had an important meeting ________.A. attendB. would attendC. attendingD. to attend18. Please give me a piece of paper ________.A. to writeB. to write onC. writingD. to write it19. I don’t know _______.A. what doB. what will doC. what to doD. do what20. Your radio needs ________.A. to be repairedB. to repairC. repairedD. to repairing21. My wish is ________ a teacher.A. becomingB. to becomeC. becomeD. became22. I want ________ him a letter now.A. to writeB. not writeC. writeD. wrote23. It took us three days _________ the trees.A. plantB. plantedC. to plantD. plants24. Why not ________ here _______ me?A. to come, to seeB. come, to seeC. came, seeingD. come, see25. He wishes me ______ my best _________ hard at English.A. to do, to workB. doing, workingC. to do, workingD. do, work26. Please tell me ________ her. I have something _______ her.A. where to find, tellingB. where to find, to tellC. where can find, to tellD. where finding, telling27. How happy they are ______ each other again!A. to seeB. seeC. sawD. being seen28. They decided (决心)_______ a letter ______ their thanks.A. to write, expressing(表达)B. writing, expressC. write, expressedD. to write, to express29. The officer ordered (命令)him _______ down _________ a rest.A. lying, haveB. to lie, to haveC. to lie, havingD. lie, had30. The headmaster called on (号召)us ______ hard for our country.A. to workB. workedC. workD. to working二. 根据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词。