英语十大词类名词：用来表示人或事物的名称的词。
Nouns (n.) box, pen, tree, apple动词：表示动作或状态Verb (v.) Jump, sing,visit代词：用来代替名词,数词等Pronouns (pron.) We, this, them, myself形容词：用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征Adjectives (adj.) good, sad, high, short副词：修饰动,形,副等词,表示动作特征Adverbs (adv.) there,widely,suddenly数词：表示人或者事物数目的多少或者顺序的先后。
Numerals (num.) one,two, first介词：用在名词或代词前,说明它与别的词的关系。
Prepositions (prep.) in,on,down,up冠词：用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的范围Articles (art.) a, an, the感叹词：表示感叹语气的词。
Interjections(int.) oh,hello,hi,yeah连词：连接作用的词,词与词,短语与短语,句子与句子之间Conjunctions(conj.) if, because, but冠词一、定义与分类冠词是用于名词之前用以说明该名词含义的虚词(在现代英语中冠词被称为限定词)。
冠词是典型的限定词。
一般依附于名词而产生功能，不能离开名词而单独存在。
二、不定冠词的主要用法a;an1. 泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
如：A bird has wings. 鸟有翅膀。
2. 表示价钱、时间、速度等的“每一”(=per)。
We meet twice a week. 我们每星期碰两次头。
They are sold at two dollars a dozen. 他们的售价是每打两美元。
3. 用于序数词前表示“又一”、“再一”。
如：We'll have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次。
4. 在某些物质名词前表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”；还用于具体化了的抽象名词前。
A coffee / tea / beer, please. 请来杯咖啡 / 茶 / 啤酒。
He was a success in business. 他事业成功。
It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 同你谈话是件令人愉快的事。
5. 在专有名词前表示“某一个”、“类似的一个”。
如：A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。
三、定冠词的主要用法the1. 表示特指。
如：Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里?2. 表示独一无二的人或事物。
如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
3. 表示方向或方位。
如：The sun rises in the east. 红太阳从东方升起。
4. 用于序数词或形容词最高级前。
如：You will be the first to speak. 你将第一个发言。
He was thought to be the best player. 他被公认为是最佳选手。
5. 用于表示乐器名称的名词之前。
如：He plays the piano very well. 他的钢琴弹得很好。
7. 用于姓氏的复数前（表示这一夫妇或者一家人）。
如：The Greens have no children. 格林夫妇没有小孩。
8.用于世纪前或者表示年代的数词前It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD.它有公元一世纪由古罗马人建造的最古老的港口。
9.用于固定结构“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位的名词”。
Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the check.托尼走近茱莉亚，摸了摸她的肩并亲了她的脸！10.由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
The Great Wall 长城四、零冠词的用法1. 用于非特指的季节、月份、星期及三餐等名称前。
如：Monday comes before Tuesday. 星期二在星期一之后。
Won't you stay for lunch? 留在这儿吃午饭好吗?I must finish it by end of July. 我必须在七月底前完成它。
2. 用于球类，棋类和游戏名称以及含 day 的节日前。
如：Used you to play football? 你过去常踢足球吗?New Year’s Day is a holiday for everyone. 元旦是所有人的节日。
3. 在称呼语、头衔、和职务等名称前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer. 他成为作家之前是教师。
4. 专有名词前（国家名，地方名，街道名，广场名，车站名，机场名，大学名，节日名，杂志名）5.名词前已有指示代词、物主代词或不定冠词时冠词的练习题( ) 1. A little boy wrote____ "U" and___ "N" on the wall.A. a; anB. an; aC. an; anD. a; a( ) 2.Mrs Smith is ____ friend of __A. the; mineB. a; meC. the; myD. a; mine( ) 3. ____monkey can climb____trees.A. /; theB. A; /C. The; aD. /; /( ) 4.My mother had___ fever, so I had to look after her.A. aB. theC. /D. this( ) 5. There came ____ great noise. It frightened us.A. theB. aC. /D. that( ) 6. People often go to swim in___summer.A./B. aC. anD. the( ) 7. The teacher is standing____ the class and giving his lessons.A. in the front ofB. at the front ofC. in front ofD. at the front( ) 8. Mary is fond of watching ____ TV while Henry is interested in listeningto___radio. A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. /; /( ) 9.The children all had a good time on____ Children's Day.A. theB. theirC. aD. /( ) 10.She went to ____ town on ____ foot. A. the; a B. /; / C. /; the D. the; the( ) 11. ___ home, I met a friend of mine.A. On my wayB. On my way to theC. On one's wayD. On my way to( ) 12.The young nurse is kind to ____ ill in the hospital. A. a B. an C. / D. the( ) 13.—I am at loss at the moment. Can you help me?—That’s out of question.What can I do for you?A.a;/B.a;theC./;aD./;the( )14.Mr.White was made general manager of the company last week. Look，new manager is coming!A.the;/B.a;theC./;theD.the;the( ) 15.These two swimming pools are of size.But another two are twice size of them.A.the;theB.a;theC.a;aD.the;a( )16.Because unemployment is very high at present，it’s not easy for a fresh graduate to find satisfying job as he wishes.A.the;/B./;aC.the;a D，an;the( ) 17.Beyond stars，Fei Junlong，the Chinese astronaut，saw nothing but space.A./;theB.the;/C./;/D.the;the( )18.According to announcement by Guangzhou Prices Bureau，new measures which have been taken recently are expected to cut the price of consumer durables.A.the;/B.an;theC./;theD.an;/动词的种类按单词功能分类：实义动词；连系动词；助动词；情态动词按词义特点分类：延续性动词；非延续性动词按构词方式分类：单词动词; 短语动词1. 实义动词：是能独立作谓语的动词。
根据其句法作用又可分为及物动词（本身意思不完整，需要接宾语才能使语义完整）和不及物动词（不需要接宾语）。
2. 连系动词：它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
连接主语和表语。
★be 动词: am, is, are, was ,were★感官类系动词：look (看起来), sound (听起来), smell(闻起来), taste (尝起来),feel(觉得),touch (摸起来)等.Her voice sounds beautiful. 她的声音听起来很动人.This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来(手感)很软.★变化类系动词：become, turn, get, grow等.His face turned red. 他的脸变红了.The man grew rich within a short time. 那个人在很短的时间内就变富了.★状态类系动词：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand等.The weather remains old. 天气依然很冷.Why he remains a secret. 他为何离开仍然时一个谜.★表像类系动词：look, seem, appear.He looks happy. 他看起来很幸福.He seems(to be)very sad. 他看起来很伤心.3.助动词：一般无实际意义，只是帮助构成谓语，表示时态，语态，语气等，或者帮助构成疑问式及否定式。