当前位置:文档之家› 句子成分1

句子成分1

一、句子成分的定义句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个清晰完整的意思。

一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。

句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语和补语。

句子成分是在句子中起一定功用的组成部分,包括主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表等。

句子本身的结构是很简单的,只不过是结构套结构。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asleep.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉) ...宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)We will make them happy. (形容词)We found nobody in. ( 副词) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语)Don’t le t him do that. (省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)主补:对主语的补充。

He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)He is our friend. (代词)We belong to the third world. (数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。

表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

(以下例句按上述顺序排列)I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t s tudy hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.句子分:简单句并列句复合句简单句:由一个主语(或是并列主语)和一个谓语(并列谓语)构成的句子。

并列句:两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词and,but,for,so,or等或分号“,”连在一起构成的句子,叫并列句。

复合句:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。

主句是全句的主体。

从句是全句的一个成分,它在句子中作什么成分,就叫什么成分的从句,如作主语的就叫主语从句,作宾语的就叫宾语从句,作表语的就叫表语从句,作定语的叫定语从句,作状语的就叫状语从句。

一.简单句二.复合句(Complex Sentence)分为并列复合句和从属复合句,并列复合句是有并列连词:and、or、but连接;从属复合句由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。

用疑问词作引导词,主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在。

从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。

所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。

根据引导从句为主不同大大可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等。

两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。

并列连词有:and, but, or, so等.并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。

它们之间用连词连结。

如:I like thrillers and I like action movies,too.I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.Hurry up or you'll be late. (快点,否则你要迟到了。

)并列句的口诀and 表示顺承while表示对比but/yet表示转折for/so表示因果or/either ...or 表示选择when和and/then表示时间and/so/neither/nor表示并列not only...but also/neither... nor表示递进2.主从复合句所谓从句是指从属于主句的句子,由从属连词连接。

从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类,即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。

引导从句的词称作关联词。

名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括:从属连词that, if, whether;连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。

其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分.定语从句I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。

被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。

状语从句:用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。

作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。

例如:条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。

If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行车去那里。

If I get there early,I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快点看病。

Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。

We will go wherever the motherland need us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。

Why did you go?I went because Tom told me to go. 你为何去?那是因为汤姆叫我去。

相关主题