单词学习catch (caught, caught) vt. 抓到catch fish 钓鱼，捕鱼catch a thief 抓住小偷catch the bus 赶公交车←→miss the bus 错过公交车catch one’s attention 吸引某人注意力/draw one’s attention/attract one’s attention/catch one’s eyes/draw one’s eyes/attract one’s eyescatch fire 着火（强调转变过程）be on fire 正在燃烧（强调状态）catch a cold 患感冒（强调转变过程）have a cold 正患感冒（强调状态）catch sb doing sth 抓住正在做某事的人eg. The little boy was caught stealing apples from the garden.那个小男孩正在园子里偷苹果被抓住。
eg. The early bird catches the worm. 捷足先登。
grab 抓起，抢夺，热切或拼命地抓snatch 抢夺，突然而迅速地抓起arrest （依法）逮捕capture 俘虏，捕获trap 设陷阱捕捉grasp 紧握，抓住seize [si:z] 握紧，抓住catch it 被责骂，受处罚（口）（通常与will等连用）eg. If I come home late, I’ll catch it from my mother. 如果我回家晚了，我妈妈会骂我。
catch up with 赶上eg. Go ahead, please. I’ll soon catch up wi th you. 你先走吧，我会很快赶上你的。
catch on （意见，时尚）受欢迎的catch phrase 标语，引人注意的句子fisherman n. 钓鱼人，渔民fish →fisherman (pl. fishermen)fish n. 鱼[C]1) fish 鱼[pl.] 单复数同形2) fishes 不同种类的鱼a big fish in a small pond. 山中无老虎猴子称霸王eg. When the cat is away, the mice will play. 老猫不在家老鼠笑呵呵。
teach fish to swim 班门弄斧drink like a fish 牛饮like a fish out of water 如鱼离水an odd fish 奇怪的家伙eg. They caught many fish that morning. 那天早上他们钓了很多鱼。
eg. He studies the fishes in the Indian Ocean. 他研究印度洋里的鱼类。
fried fish 煎鱼，炸鱼fresh fish 新鲜鱼salted fish 咸鱼fish-and-chips 油煎鱼加炸马铃薯片（大众快餐）(Br.)eg. Some people eat fish on Fridays.（天主教的习惯在星期五吃鱼代替吃肉）fish vi. 捕鱼，钓鱼eg. I like fishing. 我喜欢钓鱼。
eg. I enjoy fishing. 我喜欢钓鱼。
eg. I am fond of fishing. 我喜欢钓鱼。
eg. I am keen on fishing. 我喜欢钓鱼。
go fishing 去钓鱼go swimming 去游泳go shopping 去购物fish in troubled water 浑水摸鱼fish for compliments 沽名钓誉boot n. 靴子a pair of boots 一双靴子have one’s heart in one’s boots 极为悲观消沉have one’s heart in one’s mouth 极为恐惧boots 长筒靴rubber boots 橡胶长靴running shoes 跑鞋platform shoes 厚跟鞋leather shoes 皮鞋sandal ['sændl] n.凉鞋sneaker ['sni:kə] n.(帆布胶底)运动鞋(Am.)slipper 拖鞋moccasin ['mɔkəsɪn] n.(原为北美印第安人穿的无后跟)软皮平底鞋,莫卡辛鞋tennis shoes 网球鞋loafer 平底便鞋shoesshoelace 鞋带sole 鞋底heel 鞋跟low shoe 低帮鞋(Am.)high shoe 短靴boot 长靴shoe 低帮鞋(Br.)boot高统鞋waste vt./n. 浪费1) waste vt. 浪费eg. Don’t waste your time, money and energy. 不要浪费你的时间，金钱和精力。
eg. All the efforts were wasted. 一切努力都被浪费了。
2) waste n. 浪费a waste of 对…的浪费eg. It’s a waste of time. 这简直是浪费时间。
eg. It’s a waste of money. 这是对金钱的浪费。
eg. It’s a waste of feeling. 简直是浪费感情。
eg. It’s a waste of food. 这是浪费食物。
Waste not, want not. 不浪费，就不缺乏。
（尤指食物或钱）eg. If you never waste anything, you’ll never lack it. 不浪费，就不缺乏。
go to waste 变成废物waste away （人，体力）衰弱wastebasket 字纸篓(Am.)wastepaper basket字纸篓(Br.)realize v. 意识到real adj. 真的reality n. 现实1) 认识到，意识到（不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态，人做主语）realize one’s mistake 认识到自己的错误/be aware of one’s mistakeeg. She realized that he was lying. 她意识到他正在说谎。
eg. They don’t realize one important thing. 他们没有认识到一件重要的事情。
2) vt. 实现（计划等）（可用于主动，也可用于被动语态）realize one’s hope 实现某人的希望realize one’s dream 实现某人的梦想realize one’s plan 实现某人的计划eg. He realiaed his dream at last. 他终于实现了自己的梦想。
→His dream was realized at last.eg. Her worst fears were realized. 她最担心的事发生了。
come true 成为现实（物做主语，没有被动语态）eg. Her dream has come true.她的梦想实现了。
课文讲解favorite adj. 最喜欢的无比较级、最高级eg. Red and Black is my favorite book. 《红与黑》是我最喜欢的书。
n. 心爱的人（物），最喜爱的东西eg. That song is one of his favorites. 那首歌是他最喜欢的歌中的一首。
eg. She is a favorite with her aunt. 她最受姑姑的宠爱。
/ She is her aunt’s favorite.without prep. 没有prep.+ n./v.—ing / pron.eg. He went out without saying anything. 他一言不发就走了。
用法：without前后必须保持一致。
上句相当于：He went out and he didn’t say anything./ He went out without saying any words.eg. I can not live without you.eg. Fish can not live without water.worry v. 使…担心worry sb 使…担心，困扰某人eg. My little daughter worried me a lot. 我的小女儿令我担心。
be worried about 对…表示担心eg. I was worried about my little daughter. 我对小女儿感到担心。
be anxious about 对…感到焦虑instead of 不做…而做… （可置于句首或句尾）eg. Instesd of catching fish, the unlucky fishermen catch old boots and rubbish.那些不幸的垂钓人没有钓到鱼而钓到一些旧靴子和垃圾。
/ The unlucky fishermen catch old boots and rubbish intead of catching fish. eg. Men wear socks intead of stockings. 男士们穿的是短袜而不是长袜。
eg. I went shopping intead of doing my homework. 我去购物而没有做作业。
instead of 后面加名词，代词或动名词作介词宾语。
rubbish n. 垃圾a pile of rubbish 一堆垃圾/a heap of rubbisheg. Don’t talk rubbish! 别说废话了！garbage1) （厨房里的）菜屑碎肉，残羹剩肴，垃圾(Am.)2) （口）不足取的东西，愚蠢的想法garbage can 垃圾箱(Am.)dustin 垃圾箱(Br.)garbage collector 垃圾收集清洁员dustman 垃圾收集清洁员(Br.)garbage truck 垃圾车dustcart 垃圾车(Br.)refuse ['refju:s] 垃圾even 甚至more lucky 更加幸运less lucky 更加不幸运less 更不…（消极比较级）A is less + 原级thanB A比B更不…eg. I am less happy than before. 我比以前更加不愉快/ 更痛苦。