• Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我们随时都会被进出机场的敌机发现 都会被进出机场的敌机发现。 都会被进出机场的敌机发现 • But shortly afterwards they heard that every single member of that first party had been captured by Spanish Frontier police and put into a concentration camp. 可是，不久以后他们听说，第一批的所有人都被西 被西 班牙的边防警察逮捕并关进了集中营。 班牙的边防警察逮捕并关进了集中营 •
• They were given a hearty welcome. 他们受到 受到热烈欢迎 欢迎。 受到 欢迎 • He was policed by the bosses’ cops. 他受到 受到老板雇佣的警察的监督 监督。 受到 监督 • Therefore, when we are received with so much honour and so much kindness in this great country I believe that the People’s Republic of China is doing a very significant thing. 因此，当我们在这个伟大国家里受到 受到这样隆重和盛 受到 情的接待 接待时，我认为中华人民共和国这样做是有 接待 重大意义的。
2．原文中的主语在译文中作宾语 ．
• By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organiztion, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives. 大战终了时，这个组织拯救了八百人 这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二 这个组织拯救了八百人 百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。 • It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt. 如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失 不强烈地感到损失，那倒是奇怪了。 不强烈地感到损失 • Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his plan. （人们）不能阻止比林斯先生实行他的计划。 不能阻止比林斯先生实行他的计划。 不能阻止比林斯先生实行他的计划
第六单元
被动语态和名词从句的翻译
第一部分 被动语态的译法
• 英语中被动语态使用范围很广。凡是在不必说出 主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者 是为了便于连贯上下文等等场合，往往都用被动 语态。汉语中也有被动语态，但使用范围狭窄得 多。英语被动语态的句子，译成汉语时，很多情 况下都可以译成主动句，但也有一些可以保持被 动语态。 一、译成汉语主动语句 二、译成汉语被动句 三、译成”把”、”使”和”由”字句
3．译成带表语的主动句 ．
• The crew were trained at Eglin Field, Fla. （轰炸机）机组人员是在佛罗里达州埃格林空军基 是 地训练的。 训练的。 训练的 • The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是 不是轻易作出的 作出的。 不是 作出的 • He (Barrymore) then continued his walk down the alley. His (Sir Charles’) body was found at the end of it. 然后巴里莫尔继续沿着小道走下去。查尔斯爵士的 尸体就是在小道尽头发现的 发现的。 是 发现的
3．“为……所” ． 所
• These views of Marx and Engels have now been adopted by all proletarians who are fighting for their emancipation. 马克思和恩格斯的这种观点，现在已为正在争取解放的全体 已为正在争取解放的全体 无产阶级所采纳。 无产阶级所采纳 • Once the men had been accepted by the Comet organization, they were brought to Brussels. 士兵们一旦为彗星组织所接受 为彗星组织所接受，就被送到布鲁塞尔去。 为彗星组织所接受 • I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动 为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写到圣诞卡片上。 为这些话所深深感动
• Organizational leadership must be made fully equal to the task of ensuring the realization of the polical slongans and decisions of the Party. 必须使组织上的领导能完全保证党的政治口号及其决议的实 现。 • Most letters from his wife, are read to him by the nurse in the hospital. 他的妻子给他的信件，大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的 是由医院里的护士念给他听的。 是由医院里的护士念给他听的 • And the astonishing thing is that this most dangerous operation was organized by a young attractive twenytthree-year-old Belgian girl, Andree De Jongh by name. 令人惊奇的是，这个极其危险的作战行动是由一个年轻貌美 是由一个年轻貌美 的比利时姑娘组织的，她名叫安德.岱荣 年二十三岁。 岱荣， 的比利时姑娘组织的，她名叫安德 岱荣，年二十三岁

4．常用被动句型的翻译 ．
• 有一类以it作为形式主语的英语句子，在译 文中常要改成主动形式，有时不加主语， 有时则加上不确定的主语，如“有人”、 “大家”、 “人们”、 “我们”等。 1）不加主语时 2） 可加主语的
1）不加主语时
• • • • • It is hoped that … It is reported that … It is said that … It is supposed that … It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … • It must be admitted that … • It must be pointed that … • It will be seen from this that … • • • • • 希望…… 据报……. 据说…… 据推测…… 可以毫不夸张地说……
• I closed my eyes and said to myself, “I am not a number. My name will be remembered as an anti-Nazi writer, and I have done more harm to your system than you can ever do to me. I am not a number!” 我闭上眼睛想，”我不是个号码。我的名字将作为 作 一个反纳粹的作家而被纪念着 被纪念着。我给你们的制度 被纪念着 造成的损害比你们能加在我身上的要大得多。我 不是个号码！” • I started to explain that I could not do my best since my spectacles had been taken away from me, but she wouldn’t let me finish. 我开始解释，我不可能干得很好，因为我的眼镜已 已 给拿走了，但她不准我讲完。 给拿走了
• 必须承认…… • 必须指出…… • 由此可见……
2） 可加主语的
• It is asserted that … • It is believed that … • It is generally considered that … • It is well known that … • It will be said that … • It was told that … • 有人主张…… • 有人相信（主张）…... • 大家认为…… • 大家知道（众所周 知）…… • 有人会说…… • 有人曾经说……
三、译成“把”、“使”和“由” 译成“ 字句
• By evening the occupation was complete, and the people were chased off the streets by an eight o’clock curfew. 至傍晚，占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街道赶走 八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街道赶走。 八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街道赶走 • Since the wingspan of the twin-engine bombers was too wide for the ship’s elevators, they couldn’’t be stored below. 由于这种双引擎轰炸机翼展超过了升降机的宽度，所以不能把它们放到 不能把它们放到 甲板下的机库内。 甲板下的机库内 • The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the fire. 大火使这家著名旅馆几乎全部毁灭。 大火使这家著名旅馆几乎全部毁灭
二、译成汉语被动句
• 汉语也有用被动形式来表达的情况。这一 类句子，都是着重被动的动作，有些说出 了动作的主动者，有些则不说出动作的主 动者。英语被动句译成汉语被动句时往往 借助于以下各种方式： 1．“被……”或”给……” ． 或 2．“（遭）受……” ． 3．“为……所” ． 所