短文改错知识点总结短文改错测试点一.语法主要测试动词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短语动词；名词.代词的各种形式，形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词.冠词.介词；主谓一致；简单句.并列句和复合句，以及倒装.省略句等。
二.是在行文逻辑方面，主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词，句子的并列.递进.转折.因果关系；时间的先后顺序等 .错误类型1.冠词的多用、少用和误用2.名词单复数的误用及近义词的混用3.代词指代不一致的错误或代词使用不当4.主谓不一致的错误5.动词的时态和语态的误用6.非谓语动词的误用7.形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用8关联词和平行结构的误用9.固定搭配，习惯用法与介词的误用10.冗词的多用设错方式一、动词形1.动词的时态和语态错误2.主、谓不一致的错误3.谓语与非谓语误用4.非谓语动词的误用动词置于句首•首先看有没有并列连词and /or /otherwise, 有就考虑是祈使句•没有，就考虑非谓语动词•再看有没有(,)，有就考虑分词作状语，没有就考虑动名词/不定式作主语例Review what happened in the past helps me succeed in the future.Reviewing常接不定式的形容词•be glad to do•be eager to do•be anxious to•be ready to do及物动词后有by，in，with，to•先辨是谓语还是非谓语，考虑被动语态和过去分词•be located /situated in位于•be absorbed in被…吸引/专心于•be involved in参与/牵涉到/专心于•be lost in沉迷于•be mixed with与…混合•be covered with为…覆盖•be lined with排列•be surrounded with环绕•be faced with面临•be combined with 联合•be connected with联系•be compared to /with与…相比•be addicted to沉迷于•be related to与…有关系无被动语态的动词•不及物动词没被动语态，不接宾语，非谓语动词常用ing •happen /take place /occur•lie /exist•date from /back to•belong to•consist of•die•sound /look /feel /taste /smell练习moved by their encouraging words and I studied even harder.waswith many problems, the new government is having a hard time.Factedin his work, Tom didn’t n otice me enter the room.Buriedin a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, our large fully-equippedLocatedapartment meets all their needs.were driving in the country when the car stop working.stopped ,as well as her sisters study Chinese in China.studiessaw the boys played games on the bank of the lake when I passed.playingparticularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw theseeingchanging colors of the leaves on the trees.you think so many people still suffer from poverty now do主谓一致•动名词/不定式/主语从句作主语•many /many a•The number of与A number of•some /the rest /分数 /百分数 + n•not only…but also /either…or /neither…nor只能使用过去时的时间状语•last week /year /night•just now•the other day•in the past•yesterday例Last Saturday, our school had organized all of the SeniorI students to visit the children at a local orphanage二、名词数•可数与不可数、单复数错用•名词的格的误用•前后修饰语的误用•名词前冠词的误用不可数名词前的修饰语•只能接不可数：little, much, a great deal of, a great /large amount of•接可数与不可数：some, any, a lot of /lots of• a piece of必须接复数的修饰语•many•few• a large /great number of•large /great numbers of•these•those• several例The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and weenjoyed several local dish.dishes• baggage /luggage 行李• damage 损害• furniture 家具• equipment 设备• weather 天气• money 金钱• change 零钱• experience 经验• food 食物• bread 面包• beer 啤酒 • advice 忠告 • information 信息 • juice 饮料 • cloth 布 • clothing 衣服•wine葡萄酒•coffee咖啡•tea茶•milk牛奶•water水•do damage /harm /good to •get /be close to nature •protect the environment •send sth into space •the universe•make progressof + 抽象名词•importance •significance•value•help•use•interest•have /find /feel interest in•with pleasure /joy /delight•be in trouble /difficulty•be in danger•with difficulty•in surprise /anger•take pride in例Apart from the convenient public transportation, our own car can also take them to some nearby places of interests. interest抽象名词具体化•danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)•experience经验→an experience一次经历•failure失败→a failure一位失败者，一件失败的事•success成功→a success一位成功者，一件成功的事•knowledge知识→a good knowledge对……精通/熟知•surprise惊奇→a surprise一件令人吃惊的事•pleasure快乐→a pleasure一件愉快的事例He was a complete failure as a teacher, but he has made great success of his business.必须用复数•make friends /enemies with•one of my friends•in public places必须用单数•have a good command /knowledge of特殊名词的修饰语•price /cost•sth•population•number•high /low•cheap /expensive •large /small •(many错)不带冠词的名词•go to school•at school•go to church•at church•send sb to hospital •in hospital•throw /put sb in prison •in prison•work in a school /a hospital /a prison•go to the school /the hospital to see sb •have lunch /breakfast /supper•have /find /feel interest in•to one’s surprise /joy /delighta & an•an hour•an honest man• a university student• a one-year-old boy• a useful book练习can find a lot of informations on the Internet.informationpeople speak different language.languagesman is a friend of my father.father’swon’t take this jacket, for its price is very expensive. higha child is five in England or Wales, his parents must sendhim to the school .a hour or so we began to feel very frightened .anAmerican and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784 .agained so much confidence that I went back to school as new person .acoming of spring, grass and trees turn green . the三、形容词和副词看修饰语•形容词和副词的误用•原级，比较级和最高级的误用。