主谓一致用法总结I.主谓一致定义II.谓语受主语支配,和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。
III.例: My favorite food is noodles.II. 主谓一致的重要原则•语法原则•意义原则•就近一致(一)语法一致IV.顾名思义,即谓语在语法角度上与主语保持一致,不考虑主语的意义。
V.以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数。
例如:注意:不定式及动名词作主语时,谓语动词单数。
E.g.2) 由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Both you and he are right.Mr. and Mrs. Brown have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
例如:The poet and writer has written lots of books.The poet and the writer have come.可通过名词前定冠词来判断。
3) 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:Now every man and every woman has the right to receive education.4) 主语后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ,together with 等介词短语时,谓语动词仍用与主语(即前面的词语)保持一致。
例如:The teacher with his students is going to have a picnic in the park.The students with the teacher are going to have a picnic in the park.Nobody but two boys was late for class.5) 集合名词作主语谓语动词要用复数。
如people, police, cattle, clothes等。
集合名词指可用来指称一群对象的词语,这些对象可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。
常见集合名词:people, police, cattle, goods, clothes等。
e.g. The police are looking for him.•有些集合名词如class, team, group, family 根据其表达意义不同,单复数用法也不同。
当表示整体概念时,用单数;表示整体中的人员时,用复数。
e.g.Our family is a big one. 我有个大家庭。
Our family watch TV together every evening.我们家人每晚一起看电视。
6)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。
例如:Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.但如果这类名词前用了a pair of, 谓语动词的单复数形式则取决于pair的单复数形式。
例如:My new pair of socks is very expensive.练习 I(一) 选择最佳答案。
1.E-mail, as well as telephones, ____ very important in our daily life.A. isB. haveC. areD. has2.My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____blue.A. are; areB. are; isC. is; isD. is; are3.Nobody but Jane _______ the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knownD. is known4.They said the eighteenth and last lesson _______ quite easy.A. isB. wasC. areD. were二) 填空1.The family is a very happy one. (be)2.The football team are having a bath. (be)3.The police were searching for the murderer last night. (be)4.Few libraries are as modern as Beijing Library. (be)5.The pair of glasses with a metal frameis beautiful but expensive. (be)6.Both rice and cotton grow here. (grow)(二) 意义一致谓语在语言意义上与主语保持一致,不考虑主语的单复数语法形式。
(1) 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数。
例如:Ten years is a long time.Two hundred dollars is too much for him.2) 由all, most, more, some, any, none, the rest及分数或百分数“ +of+名词”作主语时,谓语要以of后面的名词而定。
名词是复数,谓语用复数:名词是单数,谓语用单数。
例如:All of the work has been finished.All of the people are friendly to me.Half of the doctors here are women.Three–fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.3)以“定冠词+形容词”作主语如果指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数。
例如:The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The dead is a famous person.练习 II1.How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.A. haveB. hasC. isD. are2.Most of the houses _______ this year.A. has builtB. have builtC. has been builtD. have been built1.How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.A. haveB. hasC. isD. are2.Most of the houses _______ this year.A. has builtB. have builtC. has been builtD.have been built3._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; isD. Two fifths; are4.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south.The rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.A. are/isB. are/areC. is/areD. is/is3._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; isD. Two fifths; are4.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south. The rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.A. are/isB. are/areC. is/areD. is/is三)就近一致(1)即谓语的单复数由距离其最近的句子成分来决定。
1通常遵循就近原则的词或词组有:or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also。
例:Either you or I am right.Neither my sister nor my brothers like the movie.2) There be 句型使用就近原则。
•There are seven dwarfs and a beautiful lady living in the forest.VI.There has been a year and seven days since he left.(一) 选出最佳答案1.Not only his parents but also his brother ______d__ to the Summer Palace.They haven’t been back.A. have beenB. have goneC. has beenD. has gone2.Neither my father __a______ going to see the patient.A. nor I amB. nor I areC. or me areD. or me is3. ____d__ Helen ______ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.A. Neither; norB. Not only; but alsoC. Both; andD. A and B4. ___d____ of them has his own opinion.A. BothB. SomeC. EveryD. Each5.Nobody but two students ____a__ left in the classroom.A. isB. areC. hasD. have6.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.A. has finishedB. has been finishedC. have finishedD. have been finished7. Many people say 10,000 _______ a lot of money.A. dollar isB. dollars areC. dollars isD. dollar are8.The police _______soon.A. is comingB. are comingC. has comeD. have come6.Three-fourths of the homework _b_____today.A. has finishedB. has been finishedC. have finishedD. have been finished7. Many people say 10,000 ___c____ a lot of money.A. dollar isB. dollars areC. dollars isD. dollar are8.The police _____b__soon.A. is comingB. are comingC. has comeD. have come9.-When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?-I haven’t decided. ______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK.A. Both; andB. Either; orC. Neither; norD. Not only; but also10. Everyone except Tom and John _____ therewhen the meeting began.A. isB. wasC. areD. were9.-When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?-I haven’t decided. ______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK.A. Both; andB. Either; orC. Neither; norD. Not only; but also10. Everyone except Tom and John _____ therewhen the meeting began.A. isB. wasC. areD. were11. Most of the houses _______ this year.A. has builtB. have builtC. has been builtD. have been built12. There _____ a lot of good news in today’s newspaper.A. isB. areC. wasD. wereVII.。