12-11.Lift(V): to remove and end restrictions 解除；撤销；停止（限制）E.g. Martial laws has been lifted now.戒严令现在已经解除。

①Since the Emancipation Proclamation had been enacted by President Lincoln, the Slaverywas lifted in the U.S.②China has lifted the Labor Reform in view of its irrationality that labors offenders under laborreform are put into jail without due law process.2.Check(V): to stop oneself from saying or doing something or from showing a particularemotion 克制；抑制（做某事或表露感情）E.g. She wanted to tell him the whole truth but she checked herself-it wasn’t the right moment.①Even though he suffers great pain from his disease, he checks himself to ease his parents’worry.②He has been checked his enmity against his enemy, awaiting an opportunity to take revenge.3.Outgoing(adj.): (only before none)leaving the position of responsibility mentioned 将卸任的；离职的E.g. This book belongs to the outgoing president. 这本书是即将下台的总统的。

①The outgoing president has been dedicated to improve his people’s life for more than 30years.②People in the city caught the last opportunity to visit their outgoing mayor who has earnedgood reputation and respect.4.Tough(adj.) having or causing problems or difficulties 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的E.g. She’s been having a tough time of it lately. 他最近的日子一直很难熬。

①Widows in India is underprivileged and often live tough lives without government’sconcerns.②The orphan has had a tough childhood with his grandparents since his parents died.5.Likelihood(n.): the chance of something happening; how likely something is happen. 可能；可能性E.g. There is very little likelihood of that happening. 几乎没有发生那种事的可能性。

①It is of much likelihood that pandas would become extinct without vigorous protection.②Many scientists has been devoted to calculate the likelihood of sun explosion.12-21.relatively（adv）：by comparison to something else相当地；相对地，比较地That should be relatively easy for people to accept the policy when the government cares more about the reality.①Generally speaking, people living in countries which are relatively advanced are enjoyinghigher quality of life.②It is relatively acceptable for the detained passengers to be arranged to live in hotel for thenight.2.likely to:possible and likelihood. 可能You are likely to make mistakes when you finished your work in such a hurry.①You are likely to suffer obesity unless you start being on a diet and do exercise on regularbasis.②Facebook is likely to contain hundreds of thousands of accounts of dead people after 100years.3.ideal: the idea of something that is perfect(n.); conforming to an ultimate standard ofperfection or excellence(adj) adj. 理想的；完美的n. 理想；典范Steve is the ideal in my mind no matter in basketball field or being a perfect man.①Utopia is the most ideal society in which everyone is equal and all property belongs to thepublic.②His ideal is to become a policeman to eliminate criminals and uphold justice.4.promote(v) contribute to the progress or growth of促进；提升Many cities try to promote their economic growth but ignore the environment problem.①The United Nations was set up to promote peace and development of the world.②Principle for equality and reciprocity is the key to promote cooperation between countries.5.reform(n) a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses 改革，革新The educational reform should be paid more attention to promote student ability.①China has been making progress towards economic and political power since the reform andopen up.②Ruling by law plays an important role in the China’s political reform in this period.12-31.eye-opening: n. A startling or shocking revelation. 令人瞠目的, 使人开眼界的, 有启发性的Among the eye-opening details were the purchases by two filmmakers of cars for their personal use①Quora is an eye-opening social media which is comprised of various Q&A and manyknowledgeable users.②I gained lots of benefits from studying abroad which is an eye-opening experience in my live.2.square off: v. settle conclusively; come to terms （打斗等时）摆好（架势）They're squaring off, really to fight.他们正摆出搏击的架势，准备大打出手。

①American people will square off with guns once the US government betrays them.②Farmers in this region have squared off with the coming unprecedented snowstorm.3.supply: if you supply someone with something that they want or need, you give them aquantity of it.an agreement not to produce or supply chemical weapons.…一份不生产或不供应化学武器的协议①Japan is a country of scarce resources, whose raw materials for industry mostly rely onsupply from other countries.②Many countries in the Middle East are rich in oil, making great fortune by supplying oil.4.address: speak toHe addressed the crowd outside the window①Martin Luther King addressed the American public, presenting his dream of equal right forblack people.②Before the formal election, all president candidates are supposed to address a debate withtheir rivals.5.coordination: organizing the activities of two or more groups so that they work togetherefficiently and know what the others are doingthe lack of coordination between the civilian and military authorities.民事机关和军事机关缺少协作。