例如， 合同价值为USD12000， 例如，某CIF合同价值为 合同价值为 ， 投保一切险与战争险 一切险与战争险， 投保一切险与战争险，费率分别为 0.6%和0.4%，请问保险金额 和保险费 和 ，请问保险金额 各多少？ 各多少？
•Answer: • Insured Amount: • USD12000 x 110% = USD13200 •Insurance Premium: • USD 13200 x (0.6%+0.4%) = USD132
• the claimant
– The claimant may not necessarily be the insurant
• the insurance policy
- The contract made between the insurer and the insured
• the insured amount
Figure 6.4 Basic Coverage of C.I.C.
Insured Amount and Insቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱrance Premium
•The insured amount
The formula for calculating the insured amount under CIF trade terms:
• Two types of risks
– Perils of the sea
• Natural calamities – Caused by force majeure events such as heavy weather , lightening, Tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption,, etc. • Unexpected accidents/fortuitous accidents – Caused by accidents such as fire, explosion, vessel being stranded , grounded, sunk or capsized, collision, missing, etc.
Insured Amount = CIF price x ( 1 + markup percentage )
The insurance premium
The formula for calculating the premium under CIF trade terms:
Insurance Premium = insured amount x premium rate = CIF price x ( 1+ markup percentage ) x premium rate
– Salvage charge (救助费)
• A third party other than the insured takes measures to save the subject matter • (“No-Cure，No-Pay” principle)
Different Risks
The risks :
F.P.A.
W.P.
A.R.
3. Total or partial loss caused by accidents and consequent on falling of entire package during loading, unloading or transshipment 4. Reasonable expenses the insured makes for the salvage of the goods insured, and for averting or minimizing the losses 5. Loss due to discharge of the insured goods at a port of distress following a sea peril as well as special charges arising from loading, warehousing and forwarding of the goods at an intermediate port of call or refuge 6. Sacrifice in and contribution to salvage charges 7. Loss due to “Both to Blame Collision” Clause
Losses in Marine Cargo Transport
The losses and damages done to the goods can fall into : 1. Total Loss 1) Actual Total Loss （the whole lot of the consignment has been lost or damaged or found valueless upon the arrival at the port of destination) 2) Constructive Total Loss ( the actual loss of the insured goods is unavoidable, or the ship or the consignment has to be abandoned because the cost of salvage or recovery would exceed the value of the ship and the consignment in sound condition upon the arrival of the port of destination.) 2. Partial Loss 1) General Average (G.A.)共同海损 ( when both the ship and the 共同海损 consignments on board are engaged and the Captain, for the safety of the ship and the consignments, intentionally and reasonably does some sacrifices or makes some expenses.) 2) Particular Average (P.A) 单独海损 a particular consignment is 单独海损( partially damaged)
1. Total loss
Actual total loss Constructive total loss
due to
a. natural calamities b. fortuitous accidents
2. Partial loss due to
a. fortuitous accidents b. natural calamities, where the conveyance being grounded, stranded, sunk or burnt before or after the fortuitous accident
- The amount covered against the subject matter ( which is usually the amount of 110% of CIF value of the consignment)
• premium
- The sum of money the insured agrees to pay the insurer for an insurance policy
8. Partial loss caused directly by natural calamities 9. Loss or damage due to external causes including general extraneous risks, excluding special extraneous risks and exclusions
External/Extraneous Risks
General Additional Risk
1. Theft Pilferage and Non-Delivery , T. P. N. D. ； 2. Rain Fresh Water Damage , F.W. R. D. ； 3. Risk of Shortage ； 4. Risk of Intermixture and Contamination ； 5. Risk of Leakage ； 6. Risk of Clash and Breakage ； 7. Risk of Ordor ； 8. Damage Caused by sweating and Heating ； 9. Hook Damage ； 10. Loss and Damage Caused by Breakage of Packing ； 11. Risk of Rust.
Marine Risks
Natural calamities Perils of the sea Unexpected accidents/ fortuitous accidents Risks General risks External/Extraneous risks
Special risks
Cargo Transportation Insurance
Terms involved
• the insurant / insured/assured
– The party that buys insurance (exporter/importer)
• the insurer
– The party undertaking to indemnify the insurant against losses or damages (PICC)