Unit5 Section A 1a-2d 知识提纲一、词形转换1.environment n. 环境→adj. environmental 自然环境的，有关环境的2.leaf n. 叶，叶子→复数（pl.）leaves3 wide adj. 宽的，宽阔的→adv. widely 广泛地，普遍地二、短语1. be known for 以……闻名，= be famous for2.be made of 由……制成3. be made from 由……制成4. be made in + 地点产于某地5. all over the world 全世界6. by hand 手工地7. be good for 对……有益8. on the side of the mountains 在山边上三、词法和句法1.be made of“由…制成”主语为制成品of 后接原材料，制成品能看见原材料。
be made from“由…制成”主语为制成品from后接原材料，成品看不见原材料。
记忆顺口溜：be made of 与be made from 用法由物制造，方式有两种；样子很相似，用法不相同；of两字母，材料能看出；from四字母，材料看不出。
be made in + 地点某物产于某地The desk wood . 桌子是由木头做的。
Paper wood . 纸是由木材做的。
The kind of watch Shanghai .这种手表产于上海。
2.as far as I know 据我所知据我所知，李先生已经去美国了。
I know ，Mr. Li has gone to America.3. both …and ………和……都……，不但……而且……连接主语时，动词为复数。
not only …but also…不但……而且……连接主语时，动词就近原则。
either …or…或者……或者……连接主语时，动词就近原则。
neither…nor…既不……也不……连接主语时，动词就近原则。
Tom Jack know my address . They often drop by my home .A.Not , butB. Both , andC. Either , orD. Not only , but also4. It seems that ………似乎……seem + adj. / seem to do sthIt seems that he is going to leave here . 似乎他要离开这里。
= He seems to leave here .Unit5 Section A 3a-4c 知识提纲（P35-36）一、词形转换1. produce v. 生产，制造→n.product 产品2. France n. 法国→adj. French法国的3.Germany n. 德国→adj.German 德国的二、词法和句法1. search for 搜寻，寻找相当于look for2.no matter 不论，无论后接特殊疑问词how / when / where /which/who /what= 特殊疑问词+ ever 表示“无论怎样/ 何时/哪里/哪个/谁/什么”引导让步状语从句。
No matter what he does , I believe him . = he does , I believe him .3. hardly adv. 几乎不表示否定含义I can hardly hear you , ?4. avoid v. 避免，回避avoid doing sth . 避免做某事You should avoid such a mistake . (make)5. be good for 对……有益be good at 擅长be good with sb. 与……和睦相处be good to 对……好6. everyday adj. 每天的，日常的every day 每日，每天相当于频率副词，做时间状语。
He reads everyday English every day . 他每天都读日常英语。
7. continue v. 继续，连续continue to do sth . 继续/ 接着做另一件事情continue doing sth . 继续做原来的事情After he finished reading a novel , he continued to play games with his friends .他读完小说后跟朋友们继续玩游戏。
8.find (found , found ) v. 发现， 发觉find it + adj. + to do sth .I find it very difficult to learn English well . 我觉得学好英语很难。
find it + adj. + that-clause 是一个复合句， it 是形式宾语 ，that 从句是真宾语。
I find it relaxing that I can lie on the beach .我发现我能躺在海滩上很令人放松。
find sb. doing sth . 发现某人正在做某事I found some boys swimming in the river .我发现一些男孩正在河里游泳。
Unit5 Section B1a-2b 知识提纲一、 词形转换1. international adj. 国际的 → n. internation 国际2. celebrate v. 庆祝→n. celebration 庆典， 庆祝活动3.live v.生活→ adj. lively 生气勃勃的4. history n. 历史→ adj. historical 历史的4. complete adj. 完整的 ， 完全的 →adv. completely 完全地 ， 完整地二、短语1. find out 弄清楚， 查明2. go on vacation (to)去度假3.turn into 变成4.according to 根据 ，按照5.in trouble 在困境中6.be covered with 被……覆盖三、词法和句法1. Have / has been around 这是习语 ，意思是“已经存在”Poetry has been around for centuries . 诗歌已经存在几个世纪了。
2. allow v. 允许， 准许allow doing sth 允许做某事allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事be allowed to do sth . 被允许做某事It ’s not allowed to smoke here . 这儿不允许吸烟。
3. use v. 使用 use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事 。
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事be / get used to + n. / pron. / doing sth . 习惯于做某事be used for doing sth . 用来做某事=be used to do sth .4.It took me about half an hour to get to the airport .I spent two yuan buying / on the pen .The pen cost me two yuan .Grammar （语法） 被动语态一、语态概述英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：Many people speak English. 主语people 是动词speak 的发出者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
例如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English 是动词speak 的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成主语 句 型 take it It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. spend 人 on sth . 人 spend + 金钱 / 时间 + in doing sth. pay 人 人 pay + 钱数 for sth. 人 pay for sth. cost 物 物 cost + 钱数 （vi.） 物 cost + sb. + 钱数 （vt.）被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
不及物动词本身没有被动语态。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
三、各种时态被动语态的构成1.一般现在时：am／is／are＋动词过去分词Cars are made by them.2.一般过去时：was／were＋动词过去分The MP3 was bought by my father.3.含有情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，例如：we can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.四、主动语态变被动语态的方法1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语。
3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by短语。
（① by短语可以省。
② by短语后跟代词的宾格。
）主变被解题步骤1. 划分句子成分，找宾语----即动作的承受者2. 判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.3. 判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的形式----即原句动词改为过去分词5. 修改原句的主语----即by+ 宾语（原主语）.They make shoes in that factory.①②③→Shoes are made by them.（宾变主，主变宾，谓动变成be done 形，人称、数、格随着变）五、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night. (不知道电脑是谁偷的)(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
巩固提升：一、单项填空( )1.The old man is good ________swimming, and even now he often swims across Tuojiang River after supper. A．over B．through C．to D．at( )2.—Your sweater looks nice.Is it made of wool?—Yes, and it's made ________ Shanghai.A．by B．in C．for D．from( )3.Sanya is famous ________ its beautiful beaches.A．of B．for C．as D．from( )4.________ happens, I'll stand by you.A．So B．ButC．Or D．No matter what( )5.My parents don't allow me to ________ out at night.A．went B．goingC．go D．goes( )6.I have some good friends, ________ dogs, cats and toys.A．as for B．such asC．for example D．suddenly( )7.Miss Taylor never wastes money on anything too expensive, even though she can ________ to.She has donated much of the money she saved to charities.A．allow B．remindC．afford D．take( )8.When you are ________， I will help you.A．in trouble B．in helpC．with trouble D．in hope( )9.The whole city is ________ fog.A．cover with B．covered withC．cover D．covered( )10.—How do you study for a test?—________ working with friends.A．By B．WithC．On D．At( )11.The sweater is not the right ________ for me.—Well, shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one?A．price B．colorC．size D．material( )12.I've got several novels written by Mo Yan.You can borrow ________ if you like.A．it B．oneC．every D．either( )13.I like to read English in the garden because the flowers in it smell ________.A．good B．wellC．bad D．badly( )14.—“Frog”， Mo Yan's latest novel, please!—Sorry, it ________.But it will come out again soon.A．sold out B．is sold outC.has sold outD.were sold out( )15.—How often do you chat with your friends online?—________ I'm busy with my study.A．Only one month.B．About twice a month.C．Almost every day.D．Maybe in two weeks.( )16.Many trees and flowers ________ in our school every year and they make our school a beautiful garden.A．have planted B．are plantedC．were planted D．will be planted( )17.If our government ________ attention to controlling food safety now, our health ________ in danger.A．won't pay; isB．doesn't pay; isC．won't pay; will beD．doesn't pay; will be( )18.Steve got over ten letters _______ his pen pals _______ their New Year's resolutions last year.A．from; about B．to; ofC．about; from D．to; about( )19.I ________ to the cinema.Would you like to come with me?A．go B．am goingC．have gone D．went( )20.—Could you tell me________ at nine o'clock last night?—Er, I was washing clothes.A．what you were doingB．what were you doingC．what you are doingD．what are you doing二、书面表达假设某中学生英文报开展关于村庄变化的征文活动，请你根据下表所提示的要点，以“Change in Our Town”为题，用英语为该报写一篇稿件，简述社会、家庭、学校及个人生活中的若干变化，展望未来生活及如何为此努力。