人教版八年级下现在完成时讲与练文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]人教版八年级下册现在完成时Unit8：现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时间段 Mary has been ill for three days.②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）I have lived here since 1998.③since+时间段+ago I have lived here since six years ago.④since+从句（过去时） I have lived here since I was born.⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）It’s six years since I lived here.（buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ……）不能直接与for since 连用。
要改变动词buy----have; borrow -----keep; come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out ; leave ----be away ; begin-----be on ; finish----beover ;open----be open ; close -----be closed ; die----be dead★1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.★2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.★3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher★4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.★5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”表示一种状态，表延续性1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”表示一种状态，表延续性，代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move toUNIT9 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.现在完成时讲解一．基本结构：助动词have/has+(done)二．基本句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:* 以already, just和yet为标志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。
* 以ever和never为标志This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。
* 以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
* 以so far（到目前为止）为标+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。
She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
用法：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)注意：1.现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用现在完成时练习(一)A)选用have, has填空:1.I _______ told him the news.2.She ________ come back from school.3.You ________ won the game.B)按要求改写下列各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_________________________________________5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)_____________________________________________________________________________________ ______现在完成时练习（二）一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has heＡ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still3、Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; goodＣ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better6.-- -Where have you _____, Kate ---I've ______ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather ______ for two years.A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died8. It's six weeks ______ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for9、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew10、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 12、—Do you know him well— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made 13、—How long have you ____ here—About two months .Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begunＣ. has been on Ｄ. began15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been toＣ. have gone to Ｄ. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom,A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they19、______has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ______to ChinaA. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20、His uncle____for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university二、句型转换。