小升初英语形容词、副词(一)
知识点
一、形容词副词
1.形容词:
形容词(adjective),简称adj.很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。
主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征。
形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否.
例:Tom is my good friend. He is tall. She is beautiful.
2.副词
副词在句子中修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子。
用来说明动作或状态的特征,时间,地点,程度,方式等情况。
1)副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类:
➢时间副词:时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。
常见的时间副词有:now ,today, tomorrow, early。
He often comes to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow?
➢地点副词:地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。
常见的地点副词有:here, there, home, down, up, off, on, in, out等。
:
I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
➢方式副词:方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?”这类问题的。
常见的方式副词有:badly, carefully, suddenly, happily, slowly, well, fast,
The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher carefully. ➢程度副词:程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。
常见的程度副词有:much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too。
She sings quite well. I can hardly agree with you.
➢疑问副词:用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。
常见的疑问副词:how, when, where, why。
Where were you yesterday? Why did you do that?
2)副词在句中的位置
➢多数副词放在动词之后。
Mr Smith works very hard.
She speaks English well.
➢频度副词,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词和be动词之后。
He usually gets up early.
I’ve never heard him singing.
She is seldom ill.
➢程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。
例如:
It is a rather difficult job.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t work hard enough.
➢副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。
On my way home, I met my uncle.
The students there have a lot time to do their own research work
小升初英语形容词、副词(二)
形容词,副词的比较级和最高级
一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1.定义
➢比较级:两个人或事物的比较(不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物)。
Our teacher is taller than we are.
The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class. ➢最高级:三个或三个以上的人或事物的比较.
Tom is the tallest in my class.
2.比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化
1)单音节词末尾加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)
原级比较级最高级
great greater greatest
small smaller smallest
clean cleaner cleanest
2)单音节如以e结尾,只加-r(比较级),-st(最高级)
原级比较级最高级
fine finer finest
nice nicer nicest
wide wider widest
3)闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)
原级比较级最高级
big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
red redder reddest
4)少数以-y,-er,ow,-ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)。
以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则变y为-i,再加-er和-est。
原级比较级最高级
clever cleverer cleverest
able abler ablest
easy easier easiest
5)其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most。
原级比较级最高级
careful more careful most careful
difficult more difficult most difficult
delicious more delicious most delicious
不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good/well better best
bad worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/ further farthest/furthest
注:有些形容词一般没有比较等级。
如:right, wrong, woolen等。
3.形容词各等级的用法
1)原级(同级)比较:as…as…; not as(so)…as…
She isn’t as(so)active in sports as before.
2)比较级:表示两者之间比…… 更……可用状语much, a little, even等修:
He made fewer mistakes than I did.
He is even richer than I.
3)高级:形容词最高级前必须加the, 副词最高级前常省略the,后面多用of……,in……
短语表示范围:
It was the most/least interesting story I have ever listened.
He is the tallest of the three.
4)如果在两者之间表示“最……”时要在比较级前加the,而且还用of the two, of the
pair短语:
John is the clever of the two boys.
4.句式
1)The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..."表示" 越... 就越..."。
The more you study, the more you know.
2)" 形容词比较级+ and + 形容词比较级", 表示" 越来越... "。
It's getting hotter and hotter.
3)主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。
表示两者对比相同。
This box is as big as mine.
4)the + 形容词表示某种人。
He always helps the poor.
5)形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
练习
一、写出下列单词的比较级和最高级。