英语词汇学自考题-5(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ.(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.If we classify English words by use frequency, the two types of words are ______.A. the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabularyB. content words and functional wordsC. native words and borrowed wordsD. functional words and notional words（分数：2.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：英语词汇可以按照不同的标准分成不同的类型。
按照使用频率，英语词汇可以分成两大类：基本词汇和非基本词汇，即basic word stock和nonbasic word stock。
2.Which of the following prefixes can NOT be used to indicate time and order?A. Ex-.B. Fore-.C. Post-.D. Para-.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：表示时间顺序的前缀主要有：ex-，fore-，post-，pre-，re-等。
“para-”的意思是“超越……”，是表示程度和大小意义的前缀。
3.Inflectional affixes are those affixes that are attached to the end of words to indicate ______.A. lexical relationshipsB. grammatical relationshipsC. functional relationshipsD. syntax structure（分数：2.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：词缀按照其功能可以分成两类：屈折词缀和派生词缀。
屈折词缀是加在词的结尾表示语法关系的词缀，而派生词缀是和其他词素连接，生成新词的词缀。
4.Which of the following statements is NOT correct?A. A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound.B. A grapheme is the smallest unit of writing.C. A sememe is the smallest unit of meaning.D. A morpheme is the smallest unit of a word.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：词素是最小的、有意义的语言单位。
换句话说，词素是“在词语的构成中最小的、起作用的语言单位”。
5.Which of the following is NOT from back-formation?A. To mass-produce.B. To lip-read.C. To nickname.D. To chain-smoke.（分数：2.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：通过逆生法构成的词语常见的有：lip read，chain smoke和mass produce等，它们分别来自lip reading，chain smoker和mass production。
通过逆生法构成的动词主要通过去掉如下后缀形成：-er，-ing，-ion等。
题目中，“nickname”是通过转类法(conversion)形成的。
6.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into ______ of words.A. the lexical and grammatical meaningsB. the origins and meaningsC. only the originsD. only the meanings（分数：2.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：7.According to the textbook, the general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over ______.A. 500,000B. 200,000C. 1,000,000D. 2,000,000（分数：2.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：8.Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ______.A. creation, conversion and borrowingB. creation, borrowing and back-formationC. creation, semantic change and borrowingD. semantic change, borrowing and back-formation（分数：2.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：现代英语词汇的发展方式主要有以下三种：创造新词(creation)，语义变化(semantic change)和借词(borrowing)。
创造新词指的是使用英语中现存的材料，即词根(roots)、词缀(affixes)等构成新的词。
语义变化指的是为了满足新的需要，一个旧的词语形式产生了新的意义。
借词是指从其他语言中借取词语。
9.The Norman Conquest in 1066 introduced a large number of ______ words into the English vocabulary.A. FrenchB. GreekC. DanishD. Latin（分数：2.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：公元1066年，来自法国的诺曼人侵占了英国，因此源源不断的法语词汇进入英语中。
在此之前，有部分借词来自拉丁语；对英语影响较大的语言是日耳曼语(Germanic)。
10.Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT ______.A. notionB. use frequencyC. foundationD. origin（分数：2.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：通过使用频率的不同，英语词汇可以分为基本词汇和非基本词汇；通过语法概念的不同可以分为实义词(content words)和功能词(functional words)；通过起源的不同可以分为本族语词(native words)和外来语词(borrowed words)。
11.Basic words are characterized with ______.A. polysemyB. collocabilityC. productivityD. all the above（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：基本词汇有以下特点：民族性(all national character)，稳定性(stability)，能产性(productivity)，多义性(polysemy)和搭配性(collocability)。
12.The criteria of words include ______.A. all national characterB. a cluster of lettersC. sound unityD. collocability（分数：2.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：13.Which of the following is a case of suffixation?A. Hemisphere.B. Attempt.C. NATO.D. Respondent.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：后缀法(suffixation)指的是通过给词干(stems)加后缀而形成新词的方法。
题目中的“respondent”意为“应答者；被告”，是由respond通过增添后缀形成的。
“hemisphere”是通过前缀法(prefixation)形成的；“NATO”是首字母拼音词(acronym)；“attempt”是通过转类法形成的。
14.The characteristic of native words is ______.A. neutral in styleB. formal in styleC. informal in styleD. slangy in style（分数：2.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：和外来语词不同的是，本族语词具有“文体中性”和“使用频繁”的特点。
15.A multiped insect has ______ feet.A. twoB. fourC. sixD. many（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：二、Ⅱ.(总题数：5，分数：20.00)16.The 1 approach in lexicological study is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time.（分数：4.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：synchronic）解析：17.Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with 1 when these words are converted to nouns.（分数：4.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：adjectives）解析：18.Content words are changing all the time whereas 1 words are stable.（分数：4.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：functional）解析：19.Prefixes are those affixes that are added to the head of words and they primarily change the 1 of the stem.（分数：4.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：meaning）解析：20.The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the 1.（分数：4.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：morpheme）解析：三、Ⅲ.(总题数：5，分数：20.00)21.clipping（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Clipping is a way of making new words which involves the shortening of a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead.)解析：22.root（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Root is a morpheme which is the basic part of a word and which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. /What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes.) 解析：23.word（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.)解析：24.prefixation（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning.)解析：25.free morphemes（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Free morphemes are independent of other morphemes and have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words.)解析：四、Ⅳ.(总题数：2，分数：10.00)26.What are the main sources of new words?（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Generally, there are three main sources of new words: the rapid development of modern science and technology; social, economic and political changes; the influence of other cultures and languages.)解析：27.What are the major differences between basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary?（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Basic word stock have obvious characteristics:(1)All national character.(2)Stability.(3)Productivity.(4)Polysemy.(5)Collocability.Words, void of the stated characteristics, do not belong to the common core of the language and are nonbasic words.)解析：五、Ⅴ.(总题数：2，分数：20.00)28.Analyze the morphological structure of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes: unfriendly, interpersonal, fore-telling.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Each of the three words consists of three morphemes; unfriendly(un+friend+ly), interpersonal (inter+person+al), fore-telling(fore+tell+ing). Of all the morphemes, only "friend", "person", and "tell" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. All the rest: un-, -ly, inter-, -al, fore-, -ing are bound morphemes as none of them can stand alone as words.) 解析：29.Illustrate the difference of synchronic study and diachronic study of English lexicology with an example.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(The synchronic approach is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time; it is the special descriptive lexicology that deals with the vocabulary and vocabulary units of a particular language at a certain time. The diachronic approach deals with the changes and the development of vocabulary in the course of time; it is the special historical lexicology that deals with the evolution of the vocabulary units of a language as time passes. From a synchronic point of view, the word wife, for example, now means "a married woman, especially in relation to her husband" without any consideration of the changes in the past. But if we take a diachronic perspective, we will consider the word historically, looking into its origin and changes in form and meaning: the word wife evolved from the Old English form "wif", meaning "woman", but later it became specialized in the course of development to the modem meaning "a married woman".)解析：。