Summary 常用句式 1. This article/ passage mainly tells (a story) about…… 2. This passage mainly deals with/discusses/explores/…… 3. In this passage (about ……), the author …… 4. In this passage about …… , the author …… 5. The author began the essay/ passage by telling/ presenting…… 6. First/Firstly/ In the beginning/In the first part, the author argues/ explains/ mentions/ states/ points out (that)…… 7. Secondly/ Next/ Further on/ Then/ In the next part/ In the main part, the author goes on with…… 8. Finally/ As a conclusion/, the author concludes/ adds/ stresses that…… 9. Finally, the author summarizes that ……

二、常见句型 1）This paper deals with.. 2）This article focuses on the topics of (that,having,etc). 3）This essay presents knowledge that... 4）This thesis discusses... 5）This thesis analyzes... 6）This paper provides an overview of... 7)This paper elaborates on .. 8）This article gives an overview of... 9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings. 10）This paper includes discussions concerning... 11)This paper presents up 12)This article covers the role of chemicals in... 13)This paper addresses important topics including... 14)This paper touches upon... 15)This paper strongly emphasizes.. 17)This article not only describes...but also suggests... 18)This paper considers... 19)This paper provides a method of ... 20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze... 21)This paper offers the latest information regarding... 22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of... 23)This article explores... 24)This paper expresses views on... 25)This paper reflects the state of the art in... 26)This paper explains the procedures for...¬ 27)This paper develops the theory of .. 28)This article reviews the techniques used in... 29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to... 30)This article is about... 31)This essay is related to ... 32)This paper concerns... 33)This paper gives an account of ... 34)This article tells of... 35)This paper tries to describe... 36)This paper provides an analysis of ... 37)This paper reports the latest information on .. 38)The author of this article reviews.. 39)The writer of this paper discusses... 40)The writer of this essay tries to explore... 41)The aim of this paper is to determine.. 42)The purpose of this article is to review... 43)The objective of this paper is to explore... 破题用语，一般有： ① The author of this article reviews (or: discusses, describes, summarizes, examines) something…… ② This article reviews (or:reports,tells of,is about,concerns)something……. ③ This article has been prepared (or:designed,written)……. ④ The purpose of this article is to determine something……. ⑤ The problem of something is discussed ……. 结论和建议，一般有以下几种写法： ① The author suggests (recommends,concludes)that……. ②This article shows that……. ③ It is suggested that……. ④The author's suggestion (or:conclusion )is that …… ⑤The author finds it necessary to ……. Useful Transitions and Transitional Phrases Introduction to a Topic as for, concerning, with regard to, with respect to, in terms of

To Summarize in all, in a word, in brief, briefly, in other words, in short, in summary, that is, finally, generally, in conclusion, on the whole, therefore, to sum up, to conclude, and so, this shows, thus we see

To Compare by comparison, here again, in the same way, in a similar manner, likewise, similarly, so too, as, also, equally, accordingly, moreover, as well, and

To Contrast conversely, however, instead (of), in spite of that, anyhow, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, still, yet, nevertheless, in contrast, notwithstanding, in spite of this, although, but, despite, even though To Show Cause and Effect accordingly, as a consequence, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, it follows that, so/so that, then, therefore, thus, thereupon

To Explain actually, admittedly, because, certainly, for example, in fact, indeed, really of course, since, that is, for instance, namely, specifically, such as, to illustrate, in particular, in this manner, thus

To Show Conviction

after all, at least, at the same time, apparently, even so, evidently, certainly, conceivably, conclusively, doubtless, no doubt, perhaps, possibly, presumably, probably, surely, undoubtedly

To Show Various Conditions in this event, in these circumstances, this (that) being so, provided that, in spite of, none/nevertheless, at the same time, even if, if, unless, otherwise, although, even though, though, despite