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语法知识盘点第11讲句子种类和成分


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2010-2012 年广东省卷考点一览表
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反意疑问句
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反意疑问句
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反意疑问句
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特殊疑问句的引导词(how 单项填空(40) 1
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句子种类 一般疑问句 1.把 be 动词、助动词、情态动词置于句首。 2.直接用 yes 或 no 来回答。 3.如果提问人对答案没有肯定或否定的意向,句中常用非 肯定词。如: Are there any trees in the garden?院子里有树吗? 如果提问人希望得到肯定的回答,则句中常用肯定词。如: Would you like some drink?你想喝点什么吗?
3.特殊疑问词有:when, where, what, who, whom, whose, which, why, how, how many, how much, how soon, how often, how old 等。
选择疑问句 由“一般疑问句+or+供选择的部分”构成,不能用 yes 或 no 来回答。如: —Is it the name of a book or a movie? 它是一本书还是一部电影的名字? —It's the name of a book.它是一本书的名字。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子,不用 yes 或 no 回答,而是根据具体情况进行回答。
1.疑问词作句子的宾语、状语、表语或修饰这三种成分时, 用“疑问词+一般疑问句”结构。如:
How did you come here?你怎么来这里的? 2.疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,用陈述句语序。如: Whose father works in Shanghai? 谁的父亲在上海工作?
You must be a lawyer, aren't you? 你一定是个律师,是不是?
He must return tomorrow, needn't he? 他明天必须回去,是不是?
We mustn't speak loudly in the library, must we? 我们不应该在图书馆大声喧哗,对不对?
反意疑问句 1.构成:陈述句+简略问句 遵循原则:前肯定,后否定;前否定,后肯定。 简略问句的主语与陈述句的主语保持一致,且只能用相应 的人称代词(there 除外)。简略问句的谓语动词也与陈述句的谓 语保持一致;如果是否定,一定要用缩写。如:
Your brother went home, didn't he? 你哥哥回家了,是吗?
语法知识盘点第11讲句子种类 和成分
一、完成句子,每空一词 1.—____D_o___ ___y_o_u___ (你) often exercise? —Yes. 2.—___W_h_a_t__ (什么) are you doing here?
—We are practicing a new show. 3 .__D__o_n_'t__ ( 不要) tell me the same story any more.I don't want to listen to it again. 4.___W__h_at__ ____a____ (多么) great change it is! 5.—Is he Jim ____o_r___ (还是) Tom?
5.陈述句的主语是指示代词 this 或 that 时,简略问句的主 语用 it;陈述句的主语是 these 或 those 时,简略问句的主语用 they。
6.陈述句部分如果是“I (don't) think (believe, suppose...)+ 宾语从句”结构,简略问句的主语和谓语应与宾语从句中的主 语和谓语保持一致。如:
—I thinkdn't do anything about it, didn't he?d_i_d_n_'t_h_e_→__d_i_d_h_e_ 2.How long will the building be finished? ____H_o_w__l_o_n_g_→__H_o_w__s_o_o_n__ 3.What does he want to be a pilot? _W__h_a_t→__W__h_y__ 4.What a beautiful it is!_W__h_a_t _a_→__H_o_w___ 5.I don't think she's that young, do I?_d_o_I_→__i_sn_'_t_s_h_e__
4.陈述句主语为不定代词 nothing, something, anything 时, 简略问句的主语用代词 it;陈述句主语为不定代词 everyone, no one, someone, everybody, nobody, anybody 时,简略问句的主语 常用代词 they,有时也用 he。
8.祈使句的反意疑问句 肯定祈使句,+will you/won't you? 否定祈使句,+will you? Let's...,+shall we?(包括对方) Let us...,+will you?(不包括对方) 9.感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式,并用 be 动词的一 般现在时。如: What a fine day, isn't it?多好的天气呀,不是吗?
I don't think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对,是吧?
7.陈述句部分含有情态动词 must ,表示猜测“一定是; 必定”时,简略问句部分与 must 后面的部分保持一致,不能用 mustn't ;当 must 表示“一定要;必须”时,简略问句部分用 needn't。如:
There are many flowers in the box, aren't there? 盒子里有很多花,是吗?
2.陈述句用“I'm...”结构时,简略问句一般用“aren't I”。 3.陈述句中有 little, few, no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly 等表示否定意义的词时,简略问句用肯定形式。如: There is little milk in the bottle, is there? 瓶子里没多少牛奶了,是吗?
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