商务英语期末考试参考答案说明：商务英语期末考试有五种题型：一、中英短语互译已经全部总结，见下文二、问答题已经提供了参考答案，仅供参考，见下文三、案例分析题请根据题目要求自行准备四、英语段落翻译中文已经注明，请自己翻看商务英语教程五、写作请根据题目要求自行准备1、中英短语互译（详见商务英语课件——每个PPT中的短语部分）PPT1：1. individual proprietorship个体经营，独资企业2. convertible bonds 可转换债券3. memorandum of association 公司章程4. monopolistic competition 垄断竞争5. business credit 商业信用1. 财政资源 financial resources2. 有限责任公司 limited company3. 销售收入 sales revenue4. 有形商品 tangible goods5. 流动资金 working capitalPPT2：1. flexible manufacturing system 弹性生产系统2. fractional reserve system 部分准备金制度3. credit instruments 信用工具，信用票据4. bull market/bear market 牛/熊或多头/空头市场5. manufacturing process 制造工艺1. 厂址选择 facility location2. 库存控制 inventory control3. 总支出 aggregate expenditures4. 股权证/权益证 equity instruments5. 财务管理 financial managementPPT3：1. performance appraisal 绩效/业绩评估2. promotion-from-within 内部提拔3. skills inventory 技术库存4. macroeconomic ramification 宏观经济衍生物/结果5. closed-end fund 封闭式基金1. 项目生命周期 project life cycle2. 软技能和硬技能 soft skills and hard skills3. 补偿制度 compensation system4. 开放式基金 open-ended fund5. 优先股 preferred stockPP4：1. profit-oriented objective 利润导向的目标2. marketing intermediary 营销代理商3. channel of distribution 销售/分销渠道4. persuasive advertising 劝诱性广告5. source credibility 信息源可信性1. 营销组合 marketing mix2. 产品生命周期 product life cycle3. 资本回报率 return on capital4. 定量调查 quantitative research5. 通过速率 pass-along ratePP5：1. credit obligation 债权责任2. retained earnings 留存收益3. current/quick ratio 流动/速动比率4. common/preferred stock 普通/优先股5. capital budgeting and capital expenditure 资本预算与资本支出1. 净现值 net present value2. 股东权益shareholders’ equity3. 兼并与收购 merger and acquisition4. 股票期权 stock option5. 有限责任 limited liability2、问答题：包含5个小题（其中PPT4出三个问题、PPT2和PPT5各出一个问题）（注：一下文字中红色字体为答案）备注：答题时如果是用What is提问的请用It is...回答答题时如果是用What are提问的请用They are...回答PPT2：1. What is a project? (IPPM) IPPM第4页右下角答案：It is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.2. What is project management? (IPPM)IPPM第5页第7-8行答案：It is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.3. What tradeoffs need to be made when managing a project? Give a brief description of each. (IPPM) IPPM第5页第11-14行答案：They are scope (size), quality (acceptability of the results), cost and schedule.4. What are the nine project management knowledge areas? Describe them briefly. (IPPM)IPPM第10页中间位置5. What is capital? What is finance (3 aspects)? (p47.ib) 答案：The money needed to start and continue operating a business is known as capital. In general, finance is securingand utilizing capital to start up, operate, and expand a company.6. What are the four areas of production and operation control? Give each a brief description. (p19.cb) 商务英语教材第19页［10］第三行起PPT5：1. What are the four main financial statements?State their functions briefly. (TTTCK)答案参看PPT5答案：Financial statements: Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Retained Earnings Statement, Statement of Cash Flows Balance sheet: presenting the financial position of a firm at a particular point in time, money raised & money spent Income statement: information concerning the f irm’s profitabilityRetained earnings statement: detailing the changes in the retained earnings account for a certain periodStatement of cash flows: information about the cash receipts (收入) and disbursements (支付)2. What is Limited Liability? State its three aspects.(TTTCK)答案参看PPT5答案：It is a corporation is responsible for its own obligations, its creditors can look only to(指望) the assetsof the corporation to satisfy their claims, the owners’ total liability generally is limited to the amount they have invested in the corporation3. What are the four types of funding? (para.9 p45.cb)商务英语教程第57页（2）第4-5行4. What is the definition of financial management?(p55.cb) 商务英语教程P55 方框里面内容。

5. What are the three components of a balance sheet. (TTTCK) 答案参看PPT5答案：They are Assets, Liabilities Owners’/Stockholders’ equity6. What is the Current Ratio? (TTTCK)答案参看PPT5答案：It is also known as working capital ratio, the ratio of current assets dividing by current liabilities, a measure of a company’s ability to meet its short-term liabilities, the indicator to measure the company's short term riskPPT4:1. A project management process group is a logical grouping of the project management processes. What are these five process groups? (IPPM)IPPM第10页中间位置2. What are the nine knowledge areas described by ProjectManagement Body of Knowledge? (IPPM)IPPM第10页中间位置3. Besides cost and audience, what are the other six key characteristics that companies look for in the (advertising) media? (para.9 p45.cb)商务英语教程第45页［9］第8行4. What is the definition of marketing? (para.1 p42.cb)商务英语教程第42页［1］第1句话5. What are the five basic forms of market segmentation? Give each a brief account. (para.2 p42.cb)商务英语教程第43页五个黑色小点后面的内容6. What are the eight fine qualities a good professional salesperson should have? (para.10 p45.cb)商务英语教程第45页［10］第4行最后一个单词起到本段结束。