AVIATION GLOSSARY A－E- -ATIS Airport Terminal Information Service 机场终端信息服务ATIS Automated(automatic) Terminal Information Service 自动终端情报服务ATM Air Traffic Management 空中交通管理ATN Aeronautical Telecommunications Network 航空电信网ATNP （ICAO）Aeronautical Telecommunication Network Panel （国际民航组织）航空电信网专家组ATO Actual Time Over 实际经过时间ATRK Along-Track Error 沿航线误差ATS Air Traffic Services 空中交通服务ATSC Air Traffic Services Communication 空中交通服务通信ATT Attitude 姿态AUSSAT Australian Satellite 澳大利亚卫星AUTODIN Automated Digital Network 自动化数字网络AUTOVON Automatic Voice Network 自动化话音网络AUX Auxiliary 辅助AVOL Aerodrome Visibility Operational Level 机场能见度运行等级AVPAC Aviation VHF Packet Communications 航空甚高频分组通信AVS Aviation Standards 航空标准AWANS Aviation Weather And NOTAM System 航空气象和航行通告系统AWOP （ICAO） All Weather Operations Panel （国际民航组织）全天候运行专家组AWOS Automated Weather Observing System 自动化气象观测系统AWP Aviation Weather Processor 航空气象处理器AWS Aviation Weather Service 航空气象服务AZ Azimuth transmitter 方位台BBARO Barometric 气压BAZ Back Azimuth 后方位，背航道BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则BER Bit Error Rate 误码率BIT Built-In-Test 机内测试BITE Built-In-Test Equipment 机内测试设备BOP Bit Oriented Protocol 面向位的协议BPS bits per second 每秒传送位数；每秒比特数BPSK Biphase Shift Keying 两相相移键控BRITE Bright Radar Indicator Tower Equipment 塔台高亮度雷达显示设备BRL Bearing Range Line 方位距离线BSU Beam Steering Unit 天线方位控制组件BUEC Backup Emergency Communications 备用紧急通信C 通信C-Band Approx. 5,000MHz C波段C/A (CA) Code Course Acquisition Code 粗获码（民用的）C/I Carrier-to-Interference Ratio 信号干扰比C/N Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 信噪比CA Conflict Alert 冲突告警CA GPS Course- Acquisition Code 粗捕获码（民用码）CA/MSAW Conflict Alert/Minimum Safe Altitude Warning 冲突告警/最低安全高度警告CAA Civil Aviation Administration, Civil Aeronautical Authority, Civil Aviation Authority 民航局CAAC General Administration of Civil Aviation of China 中国民用航空总局CAASD Center for Advanced Aviation System Development(The MITRE Corporation) (MITRE 公司)高级航行系统开发中心CAB Civil Aeronautical Bureau 民航局CARF Central Altitude Reservation Function 中央飞行高度保留功能CARs Civil Air Regulations 民用航空规则CASITAF CNS/ATM implementation task force 新航行系统实施特别工作组CAT Category 仪表着陆等级CATⅠ Category Ⅰ一类仪表着陆CATⅡ Category Ⅱ二类仪表着陆CAT Ⅲa Category Ⅲa 三类a级仪表着陆CAT Ⅲb Category Ⅲb 三类b级仪表着陆CAT Ⅲc Category Ⅲc 三类c级仪表着陆CATC Civil Aviation Training Center 民航培训中心CATMAC Co-operative Air Traffic Management Concept 空中交通管理合作方案CBA Cost/Benefit Analysis 成本效益分析C-BAND The frequency range between 4000 and 8000MHz 4000到8000MHz频段CBI Computer Based Instruction 计算机基本指令CBT Computer-Based Training 计算机辅助训练CC Connection Confirm 联接确认CCA Continental Control Area 大陆管制区CCC 蜂窝式CNS概念CCD Consolidated Cab Display 综合机舱显示器CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee 国际电报电话咨询委员会CCP Contingency Command Post 应急指挥站CCWS Common controller workstation 通用管制员工作站CD Common Digitizer 通用数字化仪设备CDC Computer Display Channel 计算机显示通道CDI Course Deviation Indicator 偏航指示器CDM Code division multiplex 码分复用CDM Continuous Delta Modulation 连续增量调制CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址CDT Controlled Departure Times 管制离场时间CDTI Cockpit Display of Traffic Information 驾驶舱交通信息显示CDU Control Display Unit 控制显示组件CEP Circular error probability 圆概率误差CERAC Combined Center Radar Approach Control 雷达进近管制联合中心CFCC Central Flow Control Computer 中央流量管制计算机CFCF Central Flow Control Facility 中央流量管制设施(功能)CFDPS Compact Flight Data Processing System 小型飞行数据处理系统CFWP Central Flow Weather Processor 中央流量气象处理机CFWSU Central Flow Weather Service Unit 中央流量气象服务单元（组件）CHI Computer Human Interface 机人接口CIDIN Common ICAO Data Interchange Network 国际民航组织公用数据交换网CIS Cooperative independent surveillance 合作式独立监视CLAM Cleared Level Adherence Monitoring 放行高度保持监视CLB Climb 爬升CLK Clock 时钟CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol 无连接网络规程（协议）CLR Clear 清除CMC Central Maintenance Computer 中央维护计算机CMD Command 命令CMS Cabin Management System 机舱管理系统CMU Communications Management Unit 通信管理单元CNDB Customized Navigation Database 用户导航数据库CNS Consolidated NOTAM System 综合航行通告系统CNS/ATM Communication Navigation, Surveillance/Air Traffic Management 通信导航监视/空中交通管理CODEC Coder/Decoder 编码器/解码器COM/MET/OPS Communication/ Meteorology/ Operations 通信/气象/运行COMLO Compass Locator 罗盘定位器；罗盘示位信标COMM Communication 通信COMP Compressor 压缩器COMSEC Communications Security 通信保安CON Continuous 连续CONUS Continental, Contiguous, or Conterminous United States 美国大陆本部(四十八州)COP Change Over Point 转换点COP Character Oriented Protocol 面向字符协议COTS Commercial Off-the-Shelf 商业货架产品供应CPDLC Controller Pilot Data Link Communications 管制员驾驶员数据链通信CPFSK Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying 连续相位频移键控CR Connection Request 联接申请CRA Conflict Resolution Advisory 冲突解脱咨询CRC Cyclic Redundant Check 循环冗余校验CRCO Central Route Charges Office 中央航路收征费办公室CRM C Reference Model C参考模式CRM Collision Risk Modeling 碰撞危险模型CRM Crew Resource Management 机组人员安排CRT Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管CRZ Cruise 巡航CSA Standard Accurate Channel 标准精度通道CSE Course Setting Error 航线设定误差CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access (datalink protocol) 载波侦听多址访问C/SOIT Communication/ Surveillance Operational Implementation Team 通信监视运行实施小组（美国）CTA Calculated Time of Arrival 计算到达时间CTA Control Area 管制区CTAS Central Tracon Automation System 中央终端雷达进近管制自动系统CTL Control 控制CTMO Central traffic Management Organization 中央交通流量管理组织CTMO Centralized Traffic Management Organization 中央交通管理组织CTOL Conventional Take Off and Landing 常规起飞着陆CTR Control zone 管制地带CTS Control Tracking Station 控制跟踪站CU Control Unit 控制单元C§W Control and Warning 控制和告警CW Carrier Wave 载波CWI Continuous Wave Interference 连续波干扰CWP Central Weather Processor 中央气象处理器CWSU Center Weather Service Unit 中央气象服务单元DD/A Digital-to-Analog 数/模转换DABS Discrete Addressable Beacon System 离散寻址信标系统DADC Digital Air Data Computer 数字大气数据计算机D-ATIS Digital Automatic Terminal Information Service 数字自动终端信息服务DA Decision Addressing beacon system 决断寻址信标系统DA Demand Assignment 按需分配DA/H Decision Altitude(Height) 决断高度DARC Direct Access Radar Channel 直接存取雷达信道DARP Dynamic Air Route Planning 动态航线计划DARPS Dynamic Aircraft (Air) Route Planning Study 动态飞机航线计划研究DC Departure Clearance 离场放行许可DC Direct Current 直流(电)DCC Display Channel Complex 显示通道组合DCIU Data Control Interface Unit 数据控制接口单元DCL Departure Clearance Delivery 起飞许可传送DCPC Direct Controller Pilot Communication 管制员驾驶员直接通信DES Data Encryption Standard 数据加密标准DF Direction Finder 测向器DFCS Digital Flight Control System 数字飞行控制系统DFDAU Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit 数字飞行数据采集单元DGCA Director-General Civil Aviation 民航局长DGNSS Differential Global Navigation Satellite System 差分全球导航卫星系统DGPS Differential Global Positioning System 差分全球定位系统DH Decision Height 决断高度DIP Diplexer 双工器DL Data Link 数据链DLAC Data Link Applications Coding 数据链应用编码DLAS Differential GNSS Instrument Approach System 差分GNSS仪表进近系统DLK data link 数据链DLORT FAA Data Link Operational Requirements Team FAA数据链运行要求工作组DMAP ICAO Data Link Mobile Applications Panel(proposed) 国际民航组织数据链移动应用专家组（建议）DME Distance Measuring Equipment 测距设备DME/N Distance Measuring Equipment/Normal 标准测距设备DME/P Distance Measuring Equipment/Precision 精密测距设备DMU Data Management Unit 数据管理单元DO（DOC） Document 记录（文件）DOD Department of Defense (美国)国防部DOP Dilution of Precision 精度扩散因子DOT Department of Transportation (美国)运输部DOTS Dynamic Ocean Tracking System 动态海洋跟踪系统DP Disconnect Request 分离拆线请求DPF Data Processing Function 数据处理功能D8PSK Differential Eight-Phase Shift Keying 差分8相移键控DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying 差分相移键控DRMS Distance Root Mean Square 距离均方根值DRN Document Release Notice 文件发放通告DSB－AM Double Sideband Amplitude 双边带调幅DSDU Data Signal Display Unit 数据信号显示单元DSP Departure Sequencing Program 起飞排序计划；离港排序计划DT Data 数据DTE Data Terminal Equipment 数据终端设备DT&E Development Test and Evaluation 开发测试和评估DTF Data Test Facility 数据检测设备DTG 待飞距离DTN Data Transport Network 数据传输网络DUAT Direct User Access Terminal 用户直接存取终端DVOR Doppler Very high frequency Omni-directional Range 多普勒甚高频全向信标EEANPG European Air Navigation Planning Group 欧洲航行规划小组E-DARC Enhanced Direct Access Radar Channel 增强的直接存取雷达信道EARTS En route Automated Radar Tracking System 航路自动化雷达跟踪系统EASIE Enhanced ATM and Mode S Implementation in Europe 欧洲S模式和增强的空中交通管理实施项目EATCHIP European ATC Harmonization Implementation Program 欧洲空中交通管制协调实施计划EATMS European Air Traffic Management System 欧洲空中交通管理系统ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference 欧洲民航会议ECEF 地心地固坐标EDCT Estimated Departure Clearance Time 预计离港起飞放行时间EET Estimated Elapsed Time 预计经过时间EFAS En route Flight Advisory Service 航路飞行咨询服务EFAS Extended Final Approach Segment 扩展最后进近段EFIS Electronic Flight Instrument System 电子飞行仪表系统EFC Expect Further Clearance 预期进一步放行许可EFIS Electronic Flight Information System 电子飞行情报系统EGNOS European global navigation overlay system 欧洲全球导航重迭系统EHSI Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator 电子平面状态显示器EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiate Power 等效各向同性辐射功率EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture 扩展的工业标准结构EL Elevation Transmitter 仰角台ELOD En route sector Load 航路扇区负载管制飞机数量ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter 紧急示位发射机EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility 电磁兼容EMI Electromagnetic Interference 电磁干扰ENRI Electronic Navigation Research Institute （日本）电子导航研究所EOF Emergency Operations Facility 应急运行设施EPA Environmental Protection Agency 环境保护署ER Error 误差ERL Environmental Research Laboratories 环境研究实验室ERM En Route Metering 航路计量管制ERN Earth Referenced Navigation 大地参考导航ERP Effective Radiated Power 有效幅射功率ES End System 终端系统ESA European Space Agency 欧洲航天局ESCAN Electronic Scanning(radar antenna)ESMMC Enhanced SMMC 增强的系统维护监视台ESP En route Spacing Program 航路间隔计划EST Estimated message 预计信息ETA Estimated Time of Arrival 预计到达时间ETB Estimated Time of Boundary 预计边界时间ETD Estimated Time of Departure 预计离港时间ETG Enhanced Target Generator 增强的显示目标产生器ETN Estimated Time of Entry 预计进入时间ETO Estimated Time Over 预计飞越时间ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute 欧洲电信标准学会EU European Union 欧洲联盟EURATN European ATN 欧洲航空电信网EUROCAE European Organization for Civil Aviation Electronics 欧洲民用航空电子学组织EUROCONTROL European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation 欧洲航行安全组织(欧安局)EVS Enhanced Vision System 增强视景系统EWAS En-route Weather Advisory Service 航路气象咨询服务FF&E Facilities and Equipment 设施和设备F,E&D Facilities, Engineering, and Development 设施、工程和开发FAA Federal Aviation Administration (美国)联邦航空局FAATC FAA Technical Center (美国)联邦航空局技术中心FAF Final Approach Fix 最终进近坐标FANS ICAO Future Air Navigation Systems （国际民航组织）未来航行系统FANS Special Committee on Future Air Navigation Systems 未来航行系统特别委员会FANS(Phase II) Special Committee for the Monitor- ing and Co-ordination of Develop- ment and Transition Planning for the Future Air Navigation System 未来航行系统监督、协调发展与过渡规划专门委员会FAR Federal Aviation Regulation 联邦航空条例FAS Final Approach Segment 最后进近段FASID Facilities And Services Implementation Document 设施和服务实施文件FCC Flight Communication Center 飞行通信中心FCC Federal Communication Commission 联邦通信委员会FCC Flight Control Computer 飞行控制计算机FDAU Flight Data Acquisition Unit 飞行数据收集单元FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface 光纤分布数据接口FDEP Flight Data Entry and Printout 飞行数据输入和输出FDI Fault Detection and Isolation 故障检测和隔离FDIO Flight Data Input/Output 飞行数据输入/输出FDM Frequency Division Multiplex 频分复用FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access 频分多址FDP Flight Data Processor 飞行数据处理器FDPS Flight Data Processing System 飞行数据处理系统FDR Flight Data Recorder 飞行数据记录仪FEATS Future European ATS System Concept 未来欧洲空中交通服务系统方案FEATS ICAO Future European Air Traffic Management System 国际民航组织未来欧洲空中交通管理系统FEC Forward Error Correction 前向纠错FGC Flight Guidance Computer 飞行引导计算机FGCC Federal Geodetic Control Committee 联邦大地测量管理委员会FI Flight Inspection 飞机校验FIC Flight Information Center 飞行信息中心FIFO First In-First Out 先入先出FIFO Flight Inspection Field Office 飞行检查现场办事处FIR Flight Information Region 飞行情报区FIS Flight Information Services 飞行情报服务FISA Automatic Flight Information Service 自动飞行信息服务FL Flight Level 飞行高度层FLIR Forward Looking Infra-red Detection 前视红外线探测FM Frequency Modulation 调频FMC Flight Management Computer 飞行管理计算机FMEA Failure Mode Effects Analysis 故障模式效果分析FMS Flight Management System 飞行管理系统FMS Frequency Management System 频率管理系统FMSG Frequency Management Study Group 频率管理研究组FMU Flight Management Unit 飞行管理组件FMU Flow Management Unit 流量管理单元FOC Full Operation Capability 全运行能力FOM Figure of Merit 性能指数FPA Flight Path Angle 航迹倾角FPD Flight Plan Data 飞行计划数据FPS Military Primary Radar 军用一次雷达FREQ Frequency 频率FRP Federal Radio navigation Plan 联邦无线电导航计划（美国）FS Functional Statement 功能描述FSAS Flight Service Automation System 飞行服务自动化系统FSDPS Flight Service Data Processing System 飞行服务数据处理系统FSK Frequency Shift Keying 频移键控FSP Flight Strip Printer 飞行进程单打印机FSS Flight Service Station 飞行服务站FSTN Federal Security Telephone Network 联邦政府保安电话网络FT Functional Test 功能测试FTE Flight Technical Error 飞行技术误差FY Fiscal Year 财政年度; 会计年度GGA General Aviation 通用航空GA Ground annta 地面天线Gatelink Datalink for packed aircraft 网关数据链路GADS Generic Aircraft Display System 通用航空器显示系统GAIT Ground-based Augmentation and Integrity Technique 陆基增强和完好性技术GAO Government Accounting Office (联邦)政府会计署GBA Geostationary broadcast area 静止卫星广播区域GCAS Ground Collision Avoidance System 地面防撞系统GCS Ground Controlled Approach 地面控制系统GDLP Ground Data Link Processor 地面数据链处理器GDOP Geometic Dilution of Position 位置几何扩散因子GDOP Geometry Dilution of Precision 精度几何扩散因子GEO Geostationary 静地的GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit 相对地球静止轨道静止卫星GES Ground Earth Station 地面地球站GFE Government-Furnished Equipment 政府提供的设备GHz Giga hertz 千兆赫兹GIB GNSS integrity broadcast 全球导航卫星系统完好性数据广播GIC GNSS Integrity Channel 全球卫星导航系统完好性通道GICB Ground-initiated Comm-B 地面启动的B类通信GIRU Ground Interrogator Receiver Unit 地面应答机接收单元GIS Geographical Information System 地理信息系统GLONASS Global Orbit Navigation Satellite System 全球轨道导航卫星系统(俄罗斯) GLS GPS Landing System GPS着陆系统GM Guidance Material 指导材料GMC Ground Movement Control 地面活动管制GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift KeyingGMT Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治时间GNAS General NAS 综合国家空域系统GND Ground 地GNE Gross Navigational Error 总导航误差GNR Global Navigation Receiver 全球导航接收机GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System 全球导航卫星系统GNSSP ICAO Global Navigation Satellite Systems Panel 国际民航组织全球卫星导航系统专家组GPSSU Global Positioning System Sensor Unit 全球定位系统（GPS）传感器组件GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 静地运行环境卫星GOS Grade of Service 服务等级GOSEP Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile 政府开放系统互联结构GOSIP Government Open systems Implementation Profile 政府开放系统实施结构GP Glide-Path 下滑道GPIP Glide-Path Intercept Point 下滑道截获点GPIWP Glide Path Intercept Waypoint 滑行道切入点GPO/GPI General Purpose Output/General Purpose Input 通用输出/通用输入GPS Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GPWS Ground Proximity Warming System 近地告警系统GREPECAS Caribean/South American Planning and Implementation Regional Group 加勒比/南美洲计划和实施区域小组GRS Ground-Reference Station 地面基准站GRS80 Geodetic-Reference System－80 大地基准系统－80GS(G/S) Glide Slope 下滑坡度GS Ground Speed 地速GSA General Services Administration 综合服务管理局(联邦政府下属)GSL General Support Laboratory 综合保障实验室GSM Global System （or Mobile） Communication 全球通信系统GWS Graphic Weather Service 图形气象服务HH Homing radio beacon 归航无线电信标HARN High Accuracy Reference Network 高精度参考网HAT Height Above Touchdown 高于接地点的高度HCI Human Computer Interface 人机接口HDD Head Down Display 下视显示器HDG Heading 航向HDOP Horizontal Dilution Of Precision 精度水平扩散因子HEMP High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse 高空电磁脉冲HEO High Elliptical Orbit 高椭圆率轨道HF High Frequency(3-30MHz) 高频HFDL High Frequency Data Link 高频数据链HGA High Gain Antenna 高增益天线HIRF High Intensity Radiated Fields 高强度辐射场HIWAS Hazardous In-flight Weather Advisory Service 飞行时遇危险天气的咨询服务HMI Human Machine Interface 人机接口HPA high power amplifier 高功率放大器HPF Horizontal Position Fix Error 水平位置坐标误差HSI Horizontal Situation Indicator 水平位置指示器HUD Head-up Display 平视显示仪HUI Head up DisplayHVAC Heating, Ventilating, And air Conditioning 加热,通风和空调Hybird GNSS/ILS Precision Approach/Landing based on combination of GNSS localizer and ILS glide path 基于GNSS航向和ILS下滑道组合的精密进近/着陆系统Hz Hertz 赫兹IIA5 International Alopabet 5 国际字母表第5号码IACA International Air Carrier Association 国际航空公司协会IACSP International Aeronautical Communication Service Provider 国际航空通信业务提供者IAF Initial Approach Fix 初始进近点（坐标）IAG International Association of Geodetical 国际测地协会IAIN International Association of Institutes of Navigation 国际导航学会联合会IAOPA International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations 航空器企业主和驾驶员协会国际委员会IAP Instrument Approach Procedure 仪表进近程序IAR Intersection of Air Routes 航路交叉点IAS Indicated Air Speed 指示空速IASC Inter Area Speech Circuit 区域间话音线路IATA International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会IBAC International Business Aviation Council 国际商业航空委员会ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织ICCAI(A) International Co-ordination Council of Aerospace Industries Associations 国际宇航工业联合会合作委员会ICD Interface Control Document 接口控制文件ICO Interim Circle Orbit 中高度圆轨道ICSS Integrated Communications Switching System 综合通信转换系统ID Identifier(Identification) 标识码(编码、识别标志)ID Instrument Departure 仪表离场IDSG ICAO Internet Working Standards Drafting Group 国际民航组织网间标准起草小组IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 电气和电子工程师学会IF Intermediate approach Fix 中间进近定位点IFALPA International Federation of Airline Pilots Associations 航空公司驾驶员协会国际联合会IFATCA International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations 空中交通管制员协会国际联合会IFCN Interfacility Flow Control Network 设施(单位)间流量管制网络IFF 敌我识别器IFM Integrated Flow Management 综合流量管理IFR Instrument Flight Rules 仪表飞行规则IFRB International Frequency Registration Board 国际频率注册委员会IFSS International Flight Service Station 国际飞行服务站IBM International Business Machines (美国)国际商用机器公司ILA International Law Association 国际法律协会ILS Instrument Landing System 仪表着陆系统IMA Integrated Modular Avionics 集成化模块式航空电子设备IMAWP Initial Missed Approach Waypoint 起始复飞航路点IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions 仪表气象条件IMCS Interim MCS 过渡性监控/管制软件IMO International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织IMS Integrity Monitoring System 完好性监视系统IN Information Need 信息需求INMARSAT International Marine Satellite Organization 国际移动卫星组织（原名国际海事卫星组织）INS Inertial Navigation System 惯性导航系统INS Insert 插入INTNET Integrated Data Communications Network 集成化数据通信网络I/O input/output 输入/输出IOACG Informal Indian Ocean Air Traffic Services Coordinating Group 非正式印度洋空中交通服务协调小组IOC Initial Operational Capability 初始运行能力IOD GPS Issue of Data 全球定位系统数据发布ION Institute of Navigation 导航学会IOR Indian Ocean Region 印度洋区域IOT§E Initial Operational Test and Evaluation 初始运行测试和评估IP Internetwork Protocol 网络间协议IPACG Informal Pacific Air Traffic Control Coordination Group 非正式太平洋空中交通管制协调小组IRS Inertial Reference System 惯性参考系统ISA International Standard Atmosphere 国际标准大气ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network 综合业务数字网络ISNS 国际卫星导航服务ISO International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织ISPACG Informal South Pacific ATS Co-Ordination Group 非正式南太平洋空中交通服务协调小组ISSS Initial Sector Suite Subsystem 起始扇区管制席位分系统ITU International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟ITWS Integrated Terminal Weather Service 综合终端气象服务IVAD Integrate Voice and Data 综合话音和数据（通信数据链）IVRS Interim Voice Response System 过渡性话音响应系统IWP Interim Working Party 临时工作组JAWS Joint Airport Weather Studies 联合机场气象研究JCAB Japan Civil Aviation Bureau 日本民航局JAWS Joint Airport Weather Studies 联合机场气象研究JPO Joint GPS Planning Office 联合GPS规划办公室JSS Joint Surveillance System 联合监视系统Kbps Kilo bits per second 千位每秒KDP Key Decision Point 关键性决定点kHz Kilohertz 千赫KLAAS Kinematics Local Area Augmentation System 动态地面局域增强系统KLADGNSS Kinematics Local Area Differential GNSS 动态地局域差分GNSS kW Kilowatt 千瓦kWh Kilowatt hour 千瓦小时LL1 1575.42MHz L-Band carrier L1频率L2 1227.6MHz L-Band carrier L2频率LAAS Local Area Augmentation System 局域增强系统LACAC Latin American Civil Aviation Commission 拉丁美洲民航委员会LADGNSS Local Area Differential GNSS 局域差分全球卫星导航系统LADS 局域差分系统LAN Local Area Network 局域网LAT/LONG Latitude/LongitudeLat/Long Reference Waypoint 经/纬度经/纬度参考点L-Band Approx 1,500MHz L 波段（1500兆赫附近频段）LCD Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示LCN Local Communications Network 局域通信网络LDGPS Local Differential GPS 本地差分GPSLEO Low Earth Orbit 近地轨道、低高度轨道LGA Low Gain Antenna 低增益天线LCN Local Communications NetworkLLWSA(S) Low Level Wind Shear Alert System 低空风切变报警系统LMM Locator Middle Marker 航向中指点标LNA Low Noise Amplifier 低噪音放大器LNAV Lateral Navigation 侧向导航LOC Localize Transmitter(Localizer) 航向台发信机LOM Locator Outer Marker 航向外指点标LON Longitude 经度LORAN－C Long Range Navigation System 罗兰－C导航系统LPC Linear Predicative Coding 线性预测编码LRR Long Range Radar 远程雷达LRU Line Replaceable Unit 在线替换部件LSB Least Significant Bit 最低有效位LVA Large Vertical Aperture 大垂直孔径MMALSR Medium-intensity Approach Lighting System with Runway alignment indicator lights 中级亮度进近照明系统，并有跑道对准线显示灯MAP Missed Approach Point 复飞点MAR Minimally Attended Radar 需低度护理的雷达MASPS Minimum Aeronautical System Standards 最低航空系统标准MASPS Minimum Aircraft (Aviation) System Performance Specification(Standards) 最小飞机(航空)系统性能标准扩展频谱MAWP Missed Approached WaypointMB Market Beacon 指点标MBI Message Block Identifier 信息块指示器mbps、Mbit/s mega bits per second 兆位每秒MCA Minimum Crossing Altitude 最低穿越高度MCC Maintenance Control Center 维护控制中心MCDU Multifunction Control Display Unit 多功能控制显示单元MCI Mode C intruder 装有C模式应答器的入侵飞机MCS Master Control Station 主控站MCS Monitoring/Control Software 监控/管制软件MDA Minimum Descent Altitude 最低下降高度MDT Maintenance Data Terminal 维护数据终端MEA Minimum En-route Altitude 最低航路高度MED Manual Entry Device 人工输入器MET Meteorology 气象METAR Meteorological Report of Aerodrome Conditions 机场条件气象报告MFCP Multifunction Control Display Panel 多功能控制显示面板MFDU Multifunction Display Unit 多功能显示单元MHz Megahertz 兆赫MIDANPIRG Middle East Air Navigation Planning and Implementation Regional Group 中东地区航行规划实施小组MIFR Master International Frequency Registration 国际频率注册管理站(员)MIL Military 军方MKR Marker 指点标MLS Microwave Landing System 微波着陆系统MMALS Multi-Mode Approach and Landing System 多模式进近和着陆系统MMI Man-Machine Interface 人机接口MMR Multi-Mode Receiver 多模式接收机MMS Maintenance Management System 维护管理系统MMW Millimeter Wave 毫米波MNPS Minimum Navigation Performance Specification 最低导航性能规范MNPSA MNPS airspace 最低导航性能规范空域MNT Mach Number Technique 马赫数技术MOCA Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitudes 最低超障净空高度Mode S specific services S模式特定业务MODEM Modulator-Demodulator 调制解调器MOPR Minimum Operational Performance Requirements 最低运行性能要求MOPS Minimum Operational Performance Standards 最低运行性能规范MORA Minimum Off-Route Altitude 低偏离航路高度MOS Metal-Oxide Semiconductor 金属-氧化物半导体MOU Memorandum Of Understanding 备忘录MPS Maintenance Processor Subsystem 维护处理机分系统MRA Minimum Reception Altitude 最低接受高度MRT Multi-Radar Tracking 多雷达跟踪MRT-VU Multi-Radar Tracking using Variable Update 采用变化更新的多雷达跟踪MSA Minimum Sector Altitude 最低扇区高度MSAT 移动业务卫星系统（美国的）MSAW Minimum Safe Altitude Warning 最低安全高度警告MSCP Mobile Satellite Service Provider 移动卫星业务提供者MSE Mean Square Error 均方误差MSK Minimum Shift Keying 最小移频键控MSL Mean Sea Level 平均海平面MSP Mode S specific protocol S模式特别协议(规程)MSU Mode Select Unit 模式选择单元MTBA Mean Time Between Alarm(Warning) 平均告警间隔时间MTBF Mean Time Between Failure 平均故障间隔时间MTBO Mean Time Between Outage 平均故障停工间隔时间MTBR Mean Time Between Repairs 平均故障修复间隔时间MTBUR Mean Time Between Unit Replacements 平均更换故障单元间隔时间MTBW Mean Time Between Warning 平均告警间隔时间MTD Maintenance Terminal Display 维护终端显示器MTI Moving Target Indicator 活动目标指示器MTM Module Test and Maintenance 模块测试和维护MTMIU Module Test and Maintenance Bus Interface Unit 模块测试和维护总线接口单元MTN MEGA Transport Network MEGA运输网络MTSAT Multi-Functional Transport Satellite 多功能传送卫星（日本）MTTDA Mean Time To Dispatch Alert 平均签派告警时间MTTF Mean Time To Failure 平均故障时间MTTM Mean Time To Maintenance 平均维护时间MTTR Mean Time to Repair 维平均修时间MTTR Mean Time to Restore 平均恢复时间MU Management Unit 管理单元MUS Minimum Use Specification 最低应用规格MUX Multiplexer 复用器MN Multisensor Navigation 多传感器导航MUX Multiplexer 多工器，复用器MWARA Major World Air Route Area 世界主要航路区MWO Meteorological Watch Office 气象观测台NN Navigation 导航NA Not Applicable 不可用NACK Negative Acknowledgment 出错通知NAD North American Datum 北美数据(基准)NADIN National Airspace Data Interchange Network 国家空域数据交换网NAGU 咨询报告NAILS National Airspace Integrated Logistics Support 国家空域综合后勤保障NAPA 国家公共管理科学院（美国）Nanosecond One billionth of a second 十亿分之一秒NAR National Airspace Review 国家空域审议NARACS National Radio Communications System 国家无线电通信系统NAS National Airspace System 国家空域系统NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration 国家航空和宇航局(美国) NASNET National Airspace System Network 国家空域系统网络NASP National Airport System Plan 国家航空港系统计划NASPALS NAS Precision Approach and Landing System 国家空域系统进近和着陆系统NAT North Atlantic 北大西洋地区NAT ADSG North Atlantic Automatic Dependent Surveillance Development Group 北大西洋自动相关监视开发小组NAT ATS North Atlantic Air Traffic Services 北大西洋空中交通服务NAT SPG North Atlantic Systems Planning Group 北大西洋系统规划组NATCOM National Communications Center, Kansas City, Missouri 国家通信中心(位于密苏里州堪萨斯城)NATS National Air Traffic Service 国家空中交通服务NAV NavigationNAVAID Navigational Aid 导航设施NAVAID Radio Aid to Navigation 无线电助(导)收设备NAVD North American Vertical Datum 北美垂直向数据NCA National Control Authority 国家指挥当局NAWP National Aviation Weather Processor 国家航空气象处理机NCC Network Control Center 网络控制中心NCD No-Computed Data 无算出数据NCIU NEXRAD communications interface unit 改进型气象雷达通信接口单元NCP Network Control processor 网络控制处理器NCS Network Coordinating Station 网络协调台NDB Nondirectional Radio Beacon 无方向信标NEAN North European ADS-B Network 北欧ADS－B网络NEOF National Emergency Operations Facilities 国家应急指挥设施NEXRAD Next Generation Weather Radar 改进型气象雷达；下一代气象雷达NGRS National Geodetic Reference System 国家测地参考系统NGS National Geodetic Survey 国家测地勘察NICS NAS Interfacility Communications System 国家空域系统设施间的通信系统NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology 国家标准和技术研究所NLES 导航岸站NM (NMI) Nautical Mile 海里,节NMC National Meteorological Center 国家气象中心(美国)NMCE Network Monitoring and Control Equipment 网络监控设备NMDPS Network Management Data Process System 网络管理数据处理系统NMS Navigation Management System 导航管理系统NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 国家海洋和大气局(美国) NOPAC North Pacific 北太平洋NOTAM Notice to Airmen 航行通告NPA Non-Precision Approach 非精密进近NPDU Network Protocol Data Unit 网络协议数据单元NPLAS National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems 国家综合航空港系统的计划NRC National Research Committee 国家科学研究委员会（美国的）NSAP Network Service Access Point 网络服务访问点NSB National Secure Bureau 国家保安局（美国的）NSC Network Service Centre 网络服务中心NSDU Network Service Data Unit 网络服务数据单元NSE Navigation System Error 导航系统误差NSSF NAS Simulation Support Facility 国家空域系统的仿真保障设施NTLA National Telecommunications Information Agency 国家电信资料署(美国) NTSB National Transportation Safety Board 国家运输安全委员会(美国)NWS National Weather Service 国家气象服务(美国)OO&M Operation and Maintenance 运行和维修O.R. Operational Requirement 运营要求OACC Oceanic Area Control Center 海洋区域管制中心OAS Obstacle Assessment Surface 障碍物评价面OAS Oceanic Automation System 海洋自动化系统OCA Obstacle Clearance Altitude 超障净高度OCA Oceanic Control Area 海洋管制区OCH Obstacle Clearance Height 超障高OCM Oceanic Clearance Message 海洋放行许可信息OCP ICAO Obstacle Clearance Panel 国际民航组织超障净空专家组OCS 运行控制系统OCS Obstacle Clearance Surface 超障面ODALS Omnidirectional Approach Lighting System 全向进近灯光系统ODAPS Oceanic Display and Planning System 远洋飞行显示和规划系统ODF Oceanic Development Facility 海洋开发设施ODIAC Operational Development of Initial Air-ground data Communications 早期空-。