中考英语语法专项复习:主谓一致主谓一致的原则有三个:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
◆一语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词,复数主语要用复数谓语动词。
如:①Mybike is under the tree.我的自行车在树下。
②These books areold .这些书是旧的。
1. and和both…and连接两个或三个名词、代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
①Mike and John aregood friends.迈克和约翰是好朋友。
②Both breadand milk are goodforyou .面包和牛奶对你都有好处。
2. 主语后接with, as wellas , including ,besides , except , but 等词或短语时,谓语动词的数由主语的单复数形式决定。
①Hewith his parents is workingin the fields.他正和他的父母在地里干活。
②Sheas wellas otherstudentslikesplayingcomputergames.她和其他学生一样,也喜欢玩电脑游戏。
3. 当主语前有every . each . either. neither修饰或each . either. Neither作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
如:①Everyminute is important tous. 每分钟对我们都很重要。
②Each student has a book.每一个学生都有一本书。
③Eachofthe girls hasabig applein their hands .每一个女孩的手里都有一个苹果。
④Either answeris correct.两个答案都是正确的。
4.不定代词either,neither, each one ,the other,another, anybody ,anything ,someone ,nobody ,nothing 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如:①Somebodyis waiting foryou outside.有人在外面等你。
②Is everybody here today?今天大家都到齐了吗?5. “a number of +名词复数” (许多、一些)=many 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
“the numberof + 名词复数”(…的数量)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:①A numberoftrees are cut down.许多树被砍伐。
②The number of students in our classis 45.我们班的学生数目是45。
6.alot of(lots of)/ plenty of +名词作主语时,谓语动词由of后的名词的单复数决定。
如果of后是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;如果of后是名词复数,谓语动词用复数。
如:①Most of timeis used for playing computer games.大部分时间用来玩电脑游戏。
②Plenty of workers are working .许多工人正在工作。
7. 不定式或v.-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:①Learning English isnecessary for us .学英语对于我们来说是有必要的。
②To play with firenear a gas station is very dangerous .在加油站附近玩火很危险。
◆二意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语意义上的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数。
1. and连接的两个名词作主语,在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。
如:Thefamous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing.那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。
2. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的名词复数作主语时,通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
如:①Ten years haspassedquickly.10年很快就过去了。
②Ten dollars is enough .10美元就够了。
③100kilometers is a long way .100公里是一段很长的路。
3.集体名词(如family /class等)如果表示集体概念,则谓语动词必须用单数形式,如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词必须用复数形式。
如:①Myfamily is a small onewith three people .我家是一个有着三口人的小家庭。
②Myfamily alllikeclassical music .我的家人都喜欢古典音乐。
4.加、减、乘、除运算中的谓语动词用单数。
如:①Twoand twois four .2加2 等于4.②Six timestwo is twelve.6乘2等于12.5.“one and a half +名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如:Oneandahalf pears isleft onthe plate .一个半梨被留在盘子里。
6.“the +形容词”作主语时,表示某类人,谓语动词用复数。
如:The sick are taken good care of.病人得到了很好的照顾。
◆三就近原则有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致,而是与它最近的主语保持一致。
1. 由either … or, neither… nor ,notonly … butalso , not…but或or连接两个并列主语时,其谓语动词在数上与最邻近它的主语保持一致。
如:①Not only Lily but also Jackhas gone to beijing.不仅莉莉去了北京,杰克也去了北京。
②Notyou ,butIam wrong .不是你,而是我错了。
③Eithermy father or mybrother is coming .我父亲来,要不然就是我弟弟来。
2. Therebe或Here be后面接并列的名词时,谓语动词在数上应与最邻近的名词保持一致。
如:①Thereis a penandtwopencils on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。
②Here aresome flowers and acard for you .这是给你的一些花和一张卡片。
练习:一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.______(be)everything OK?2. Nobody ______(know) the answer tothe question.3. Notonly she butalso I ______(do) morning exercises everyday.4.Either you or she_____ (have) madea wrongdecision.5. Thefamily______(be) spending the weekendtogether . 6.Breadand butter _____(be) her dailybreakfast. 7.Allof the work______(be)finished.8.The old_____(be)welllooked after here.9.-How much _____(be) the shoes?- Fivedollars _____ (be)enough.10. Neither Jim nor his parents_____ (live)inChina.11.Talking loudlyin public_____ (be) impolite.12.Three hours_____(be)quite a long timefor thestudents to play computer games every day.13.Everything_____ (begin)to growfast in spring.14. Tomwith his friends often _____(go)skatingon weekends.二、单项选择1. There _____ a pencil andsomebooks onthedesk.A.hasB.are C. is2.Nobody except you _____late forthe meeting yesterdayafternoon.A. isB. wereC.was3. Asweallknow,theJapanese _____Japanese.A.speakB. spokeC.speaks4.Kateas well as mostgirls _____wearing beautiful clothes, buther family_____ verypoor.A.like; is B. likes;is C.likes; are5. –My shoes _____ wornout.Can you buyme anew pair? -Oh,look !There _____ apair ofnew shoesthatI boughtforyou.A. is; are B.are;is C. is;is6. Doing eye exercises_____good for our eyes.A.is B. are C. be7. Are thereany_____ on thefarm?A. sheepB. duckC.horse8.There _____a lot of good news in today’s newspaper.A.wasB. are C.is9. BothJohn andMary _____ interesting inskating.A.is B. are C. were10.Eachof the students _____acomputer in our class.A.haveB. hasC. there is11. All ofmy money_____ stolen last night.A.hasB. isC. was12. The police _____for the lost child on the hill now.A. looks B.islookingC. are looking13.Three kilometers_____ a long way. You’d bettertake a taxi.A. isB.are C. was14.Every girl and everyboy_____ in new clothes today.A.areB.is C. were15. The Blacks _____ gettingready for their holiday.A.isB. are C. be16. The musician andwriter _____ to visit ourschool.A.iscoming B.are coming C. enjoy17.The headmaster as wellas all theteachers _____.A. have gonetothemuseumB. arehavinga meetingC.is plantingtreesonthe hill18. Two thirds ofthem _____YoungPioneers.A.wasB. is C. are答案:CCABB AACBBCCABBACC中考语法专项复习——特殊句型◆一虚拟语气1. 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等,所表示的不是客观存在的现实。