一、音标1、音素：音素是英语中最小的语音单位，英语中有48个音素，其中元音20个，辅音28个。
2、音标：是记录音素的符号，用于区别字母，因而需加“[ ]”或“/ /”。
3、48个音标4、开音节：以元音字母结尾或以辅音字母加不发音的e结尾的单词，叫开音节单词。
在开音节单词中，元音字母发它本身的音。
5、重音：读单词时总有一个响亮的音节叫重读音节，以“＇”来标记。
6、句子重读：①一般原则：有句子重读的是名词、动词、形容词、数词、副词、感叹词等。
②关键性原则：在一定场景下传递新信息的关键词要重读。
7、连读：同一句群中，前一词以辅音音素结尾，后一词以元音音素开头，在语流中将这两个音素合拼在一起读，这种现象叫“连读”。
1、字母或字母组合在重读音节或非重读音节中的读音a在重读闭音节中glad, black, thank, act后或w在 whwash,want, watch, whatpast, flash, last, glass, pass, class, s, ss, st 在前basket Page 1 of 11another, along, asleep, away, among, 在非重读音节中around village, comrade, palace在非重读音节中get, rest, mend, next, left, then, help, 在重读闭音节中/e/wet, forget, dress, sell, spell zero e er分开发音open, moment, September在非重读音节中在非重读音节中ticket, begin, behind, cinema, betweentime, drive, ride, knife, wife, smile,在重读开音节中/ai/why, sky, dry, try, fly, spy, Julyhit, ill, lift, kill, twin, drink, pick,在重读闭音节中ship, wind, thin, ship, physics i(y)police, machine 在重读开音节中在非重读音节中April, holiday, beautifuloffice, instead, finish, city, family,在非重读音节中reallygo, ago, nose, hope, whole, alone, hole,在重读开音节中phone, smoke, jokeclock, sock, shop, dog, cross, cock,在重读闭音节中bottle, knock, song, strong love, son, some, mother, otherm, n, v, th在前woman o在某些重读开音节move, lose, who, whose中 one, once在非重读音节中today, tomorrow, together, second在非重读音节中onto, intouse, student, duty, excuse, music在重读音节中sunny lunch, duck, up, but, cut, 在重读闭音节中nut, luck,在重读闭音节中put, pull, push, full u在重读开音节中June, ruler在个别单词中busy, businessAugust 在非重读音节中2Page of 11s gate sureg usually orangehe ht/h/cat/t/jeep/v/v jlive way k w/w/kite/k/lnext/ks/late/l/x my m/m/exampleyear nine/j/y/n/n uncle/z/zero z重点辅音字母读音讲解：n在单词中的读音①n在一般情况下发/n/。
如：kind, need, soon等。
s在单词中的读音①s在单词开头通常读/s/。
如：sit, stop等。
②s后面的辅音字母发清辅音时读/s/。
如：desk, past, question, mistake 等。
③以s结尾的复数名词，s前的辅音字母发清辅音时，词尾s读/s/。
如：clocks, shops等。
④ss在单词中读/s/。
如pass, lesson等。
⑤s在两个元音音素之间常读/z/。
如：music/′mju:zik/, visit/′vizit/等。
Page 3 of 11⑦加s构成的复数名词及单数第三人称动词形式中，s前面为浊辅音或元音时，s读/z/。
如：bags, plays,blows, rulers等。
C）元音字母组合在单词中的读音这类字母组合通常有两个元音字母组成，其中的元音字母组合有的只发一种在重读音节中idea, real, really/ei/great, break在重读音节中/ei/train, rain wait, waiter在个别重读音节词中/e/在重读音节中ai said, says/i/在非重读音节中see, bee, free, sheep, feel, meet, need, green, ee/i:/在重读音节中asleep/ei/在重读音节中they, hey, obey（遵守）eykey在个别重读音节词中/i:/onkey m, money在非重读音节中/i/eo/i:/在重读音节中peoplereceive/ri′si:v/（收到）/i:/在重读音节中ei中在字母组合eigh eight, eighteen, weigh/ei/ground, round, around, out, mouse, blouse在重读音节中young, country, touch, enough, double在重读音节中ou/u:/group在个别重读音节词中could, should, would在情态动词中/u:/blue e不发音ue/e/guessu不发音Page 4 of 11d前cook, look, took, good, foot, wood在k或oo d之间在l和coat, goat, boat oa在重读音节中oy boy, enjoy, joy, toy在重读音节中（油）在重读音节中oitoilet, oil/e/不发音friend i在重读音节中/i:/field, piece, thief（贼）iequiet在个别单词中/ai/在词尾lie, die, tie在重读音节中autumn, daughter, August au aunt在个别重读音节词中today, away, stay, may, say, play在重读音节中/ei/ay Monday, Sunday在非重读音节中/i/fruit/u:/ui在重读音节中shoeoe位于词尾/u:/ pioneerio在重读音节中uybuy重读音节，词尾/ai/重读音节，词尾byeye/ai/辅音字母组合在单词中的读音D)这类字母组合通常有两个辅音字母组成，大部分辅音字母组合只有一种读音，有少数辅音字which, lunch, chair, China, teach大部分单词中在少数单词中school, chemistry/′kemistri/（化学）/k/chmachine在个别单词中/k/clock, back, black ck一般位于词尾在词尾sing, song, bring, seeing ng English, hungry, angry,stronger在词中shall, fishing, finish, wash在词首、词中或词尾sh（物理）phone, photo, physics/′fiziks/ph/f/一般在词首who, whose, whole时/h/wh后为o when, which, why, where后为其它元音字母时/w/ghlaugh, enough, cough一般在词尾/f/开头的名th在词尾或以both, tooth, fifth, south, thing, think, thick,词、动词、形容词、数词third中th中及代词、冠词、ther在another, feather, them, with, than, then/e/连词或副词中write, wrong, writer/r/wr在词首/n/在词首kntch catch, match, watchdrive, dry, dress, drink dr一般位于词首/dr/tree, truck, train, trousers/tr/tr一般位于词首/dz/ds一般在词尾beds, finds, hands/ts/一般在词尾tsstudents, lets, boats, cats, wantsE)元、辅音字母组合在单词中的读音音节。
这是-re这类字母组合有两类：一类是一个或两个元音字母与 r组合，构成-r音节或以外的某个辅音字母组合。
这类元辅音字母r主要一类元辅音字母组合。
另一类是一个元音字母与除组合重读音节中（几乎不）hardly ar后), quarterwarm, war,warn(警告在wpopular, similar非重读音节中her, term, certainly, prefer 重读音节中er非重读音节中farmer, worker, writer, letter, waiter重读音节中girl, shirt, first, third, bird, dirtyir重读音节中or short, sport, horse, born, north非重读音节q中doctor, visitor（游客）Thursday, purple, purseturn, hurtur重读音节中（受伤），are care, careful, hare重读音节中重读音节中near, hear, clear, dear, nearlyearly, earth, learn, heard重读音节中ear, 少数词中tear, pear, bear(熊)heart个别词中重读音节中where, there ere重读音节中hereore重读音节中before, more, scoreire重读音节中（火）雇用tired, hire()，fireeerpioneerdeer（鹿），重读音节中sure重读音节中ure非重读音节中财宝)pleasure, picture, treasure(eir重读音节中theirchair, hair, pair, fair(金色的重读音节中air)重读音节中)four, fourth, course, pour(倒；灌注hour our重读音节中非重读音节中colourdoor, floor一般读oor poor个别词中call, walk, talk, tall, small一般读al开头的副词al also, always, already, almost以half个别词中中ow borrow,tomorrow重读音节中now, how, cow, down, brown一般读few, knew, news, newspaper/ju:/不规则动词过去式threw, drew, flew, grew ew中缝纫)个别词中sew(station, dictionary, operation一般读tion question后在sdraw, lawaw（法律）重读音节中dgebridge, fridge, judge （法官）只有g发音iigh发音只有light, night, bright, fight, highou发音ough只有bought, brought, thoughtdaughter, taught, caught au augh发音只有ind三个字母都发音kind, find, mind, behindold三个字母都发音sold, told, cold, hold F)不发音的字母和字母组合英语单词的读音和拼写形式虽然联系紧密，但并不是完全对应的，有很多单词中的某一字母或几个字母不发音。