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2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考12 动词时态(讲解)【带答案】

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—动词时态【知识方法】一般现在时:谓语动词用动词原形或第三人称单数形式一般过去时:谓语动词用动词的过去式的形式一般将来时:谓语动词用will/be going to +动词的原形动词的时态现在进行时:谓语动词用am/is/are +动词原形的形式过去进行时:谓语动词用was/were+动词的现在分词现在完成时:谓语动词用have/has+动词的过去分词知识清单动词的时态动词的时态有很多。

初中阶段主要掌握八种:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。

知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!1.一般现在时1)一般现在时态的构成:主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。

主语是he, she , it和名词单数时,作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:一般情况+s以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾+es以辅音+y结尾去y变i+es2)一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I am a student.We/You/ They are students.He/ She is a student.I / We/ You/ They/ likemusic.Many people like music.I am not a student.We/You/ They are notstudents.He/ She is not astudent.I / We/ You/ They/don’t like music.Many people don’tlike music.Are you a student.Are you/ they students?Is he/ she a student?Do you/ they like music?Do many people like music?3)一般现在时态的用法:现阶段经常性,习惯性的动作。

例如:I get up at six every morning.He plays tennis once a week.现在的状态例如:My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school. 客观真理例如:The earth goes around the sun.4)常用于一般现在时态的时间状语:often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。

例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!1.--- May I help you, sir?--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______.A. didn’t workB. doesn’t workC. won’t workD. can’t work【答案】B.【解析】:电视虽然是前天买的,但坏了是现在的状态,应该用一般现在时态。

2.______ the bus until it ______..A. Get off, stopsB. Get off, will stopC. Don’t get off,stopsD. Don’t get off, will stop【答案】C【解析】:这是一个以until引导的时间状语从句,主句是祈使句,因此从句要用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。

根据句意此题应用not …until(直到……才)句型。

应选C。

3.The 70-year-old man ______ exercises in the morning.A. takesB. are takingC. tookD. will take【答案】A【解析】:“这个70岁的老人早晨锻炼。

”这里锻炼是一个经常性、习惯性的动作。

因此,应选A.2.一般过去时1)一般过去时的构成:用动词的过去式。

作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:一般情况+ed以e字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母+y结尾去y变i+ed双写词尾字母+ed重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母2)一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I was a student.We/You/ They werestudents.He/ She was a student.I / We/ You/ They/ likedmusic.Many people likedmusic.I was not a student.We/You/ They were notstudents.He/ She was not astudent.I / We/ You/ They/didn’t like music.Many people didn’t likemusic.Were you a student.Were you/ theystudents?Was he/ she a student?Did you/ they likemusic?Did many people likemusic?3)一般过去时的用法:1.过去发生的动作。

例如:The police stopped me on my way home last night.2.过去存在的状态。

例如:They weren't able to come because they were so busy.3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,three months ago,last year,in 1979,often,always等。

3.一般将来时1.一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow、tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening、next week month/year、soon、in a few days等连用。

Mr. Wu will teach us English this term这学期将由吴老师教我们英语。

I will go to my hometown next week.下周我要回老家。

2.一般将来时有下面几种形式:(1)助动词will+动词原形。

We won't leave before nine.9点之前我们不会走。

在疑问句中,当主语是第一人称I或we时,常用助动词shall .What time shall we leave?我们什么时候出发?What shall we do in our English class tomorrow ?明天的英语课上我们干什么?(2)“be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生某事或打算、计划要做某事。

I'm going to do my homework this evening.我打算今晚做我的家庭作业。

Who is going to speak first?谁先发言?(3)come、go、start、leave等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事。

I am going to Beijing this Sunday.这周日我要去北京。

(4)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来要发生的事。

I'll give the note to him as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就把这张便条交给他。

四、现在进行时1.现在进行时由“助动词am/is/are+现在分词”构成,表示现在正在进行的动作。

其时间状语为now或现在的具体时刻,也可从上下文体现出来。

-What are you doing?-I'm reading a book .你在干什么?——我正在看书。

He is watching TV now.现在他正在看电视。

2.“连系动词+介词/副词”也可表示正在进行的动作。

He is at work.他正在工作3.表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词,如hope smell、hear、see、like等一般不用进行时态。

五、过去进行时过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成,表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。

这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示外,一般用表示过去的时间状语来表示,常和at that time,at six yesterday,at that moment,this time yesterday等连用。

They were having a class this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们正在上课六、现在完成时一. 用法:(1)动作发生在过去,强调对现在的影响。

与一般过去时的区别:强调过去—一般过去式强调对现在的影响---现在完成时。

试比较:I have lost my new book.I lost my new book yesterday.My mother went to Shanghai.Where is your mother? ---She has gone to Shanghai.. I didn’t have breakfast.I haven’t have breakfast yet.(2)动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在有某种影响和结果。

常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。

如:--Have you had lunch yet? --Yes, I have. I've just had it.(3)现在完成时表示未完成。

动作从过去延续到现在,还可能以后继续。

通常和带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。

He has been in the army for ten years.I have studied English since 1980.(4)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,表示次数:一次once; 二次: twice, 三次:three times…, ever, never等时间状语。

如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

I have been to Shanghai twice.She has watched this film three times.I have never seen more beautiful girl than she.练习1. 我已经在深圳住了十年。

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