In spoken English, we usually use phrasal verbs(片语动词) to take the place of the single words of the same meaning.
• • • • •
put up with (Sp.) —— tolerate (Wr.) give in (Sp.) —— surrender (Wr.) piling up (Sp.)—— accumulate (Wr.) come in (Sp.)—— enter (Wr.) blow up (Sp.)——(Wr.)
比较
• A famous professor of biology, Dr.
Jones was the new president of the university. • Eager to finish the work, he continued to do it until midnight.
they want it. • Anyone can take a brochure if he or she wants it.
比较
• Having been warned of the
impending storm, the captain decided to put off the voyage. • When the captain heard a storm was coming, he decided to put off the voyage.
Formal
commence fortunate terminate
Informal
begin lucky end try
Differences in style
Formal
commence fortunate terminate endeavor
Informal
begin lucky end try
• • • • •
put up with (Sp.) —— tolerate (Wr.) give in (Sp.) —— surrender (Wr.) piling up (Sp.)—— accumulate (Wr.) come in (Sp.)——(Wr.) blow up (Sp.)——(Wr.)
The multiline (3 lines) graph shows the different i
ncomes between males and females with or wit hout children in different age group in UK.

People have different ways of relaxing. Some people like to go out walking. Others like to re ad, sleep, eat, listen to music, or watch televis ion. Some people play sports or watch sports, while others dance and sing. What are some good ways to relax when you are not working？ Describe some ways to relax that you are fa miliar with. Why are they good ways to relax？ Explain your answer by giving examples
• • • • • • • •
要求ask for (request) 订约go down with (contract) 发现find out (discover) 欺骗take in (deceive)
非正式用语 较正式用语
• • • • • • • •
他调查了（checked up on）他的会计。 他调查了（investigated）他的会计。 他们容忍了（ put up with）邻居们。 他们容忍了（ tolerated）邻居们。 她很快就理解了（caught on）。 她很快就理解了（understood ）。 为了弥补（made up for）它，她。。。 为了弥补（compensated）它，她。。
比较
• You never know what new
measures the President will take. • One never knows what new measures the President will take.
比较
• "We are surrounded by a blanket of gases which only allows so much of the thermal radiation from the sun to penetrate.“ • A blanket of gases surround the earth, allowing only so much of the thermal radiation from the sun to penetrate.
• • • • •
put up with (Sp.) —— give in (Sp.) —— (Wr.) piling up (Sp.)—— (Wr.) come in (Sp.)——(Wr.) blow up (Sp.)——(Wr.)
In spoken English, we usually use phrasal verbs(片语动词) to take the place of the single words of the same meaning.
英语写作测试
口头语v.s.书面语
• Paraphrase: 书面语改为口头语
标准英语口语核心特征
• • • • • •
主谓一致 时态一致 形容词副词使用规则 避免双重或多重否定 关系代词与限定词规则 语篇标记
–Carter 1997:60Βιβλιοθήκη In linguistics
Spoken English Syntactical level Written English long and complex sentence with different types of clauses passive voice and none phrases
Differences in style
Formal
commence
Informal
begin lucky end try
Differences in style
Formal
commence fortunate
Informal
begin lucky end try
Differences in style
• • • • •
put up with (Sp.) —— tolerate (Wr.) give in (Sp.) ——(Wr.) piling up (Sp.)——(Wr.) come in (Sp.)——(Wr.) blow up (Sp.)——(Wr.)
In spoken English, we usually use phrasal verbs(片语动词) to take the place of the single words of the same meaning.
比较
• She has experienced love and
hate, grief and happiness. • On hearing the news, he was angered, and I was saddened.
作文考核
中学：叙事短文 120Ws
大学四级：150-200w/30min
Discourse level
Pragmatic level implications
the coherence of sentences and the unity of paragraphs
Differences in style
Formal Informal
begin lucky end try
profound proceed explicit identical
deep continue clear same
In spoken English, we usually use phrasal verbs(片语动词) to take the place of the single words of the same meaning.
比较
• The weather being fine, a
large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. • As the weather was fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.
Heaton
写作测试涉及因素
命题-制定评分标准-评分
题目数量
是否可选择 考试时间（30分钟） 试题说明 考试形式
直接
间接
写作题目形式
抄写 写便条
填空
填表 句子改错 改写短文 控制写作（读+仿写）
根据表格、计划写信
根据表格写短报告 根据对话写短文 根据来信写回信 借助图片写短文
In spoken English, we usually use phrasal verbs(片语动词) to take the place of the single words of the same meaning.