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英译汉复习重点




In the past , many people were worried that the internet isolated us and caused us to spend too much time in the imaginary world of the computer. 2007 过去,许多人担心,因特网把我们和他 人隔绝开来,使我们把太多的时间花在 电脑的虚拟世界里。
1. 前置

把较短的定语从句译成带“的 ”的前置定语。例如:


If inflation gets any worse, people who have worked all their lives will end up with nothing. 2003 如果通货膨胀持续恶化,工作了一 辈子的人们到头来将会一无所有。
英汉翻译考试中常见考点
定语从句的翻译
定语从句结构

主句……+ 先行词 + (介词) + 关系代词 + 从句……。 主句……+ 先行词 +关系副 词+ 从句……。

关系代词
作主语
指人 Who
作宾语
所有格
That*
指物 which That*
Whom/who whose (可省略) That* (可省略) Which Whose/of which (可省略) That* (可省略)
2.后置

把结构复杂且较长的定语从 句后置,译成并列分句。同 时可以根据需要重复或者省 略先行词。例如:
Here are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as men.2006 有许多女秘书能够像男人一 样做好这项工作。(省略先 行词)
具有否定含义的形容词短语:






alien to(不同), absent from(不在) blind to(看不见) different from(不同) dead to(对…没有反应), deficient(缺乏), devoid of(不具有,缺乏), far from(远不,一点也不) foreign to(不适合,与…无关),



但有时候,也可以在译文中将that引 导的宾语从句提前到句子最前面翻 译。 I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 我被选参加会议,感到光荣。(it没 有翻译)


表语从句:英语中的表语从句放在连系 动词后面,充当表语成分,一般可以按 照英语原文顺序直接翻译。 同位语从句: 同位语从句主要是用来对 名词作进一步的解释,说明名词的具体 内容。一般来说,同位语从句可以直接 翻译在主句后面。
名词性从句的翻译:


英语的名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语 从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。 翻译的时候,大多数可以按照原文的句 子顺序翻译成相应的汉语译文。但是, 有时候,可以采用其他翻译方法来灵活 处理。

主语从句的翻译


What many people don’t realize, however, is that scientists have discovered the effectiveness of several non-drug approaches to make you free from an unwanted mood. 2008 但是,许多人并没有意识到的是科学家 们已经发现一些非药物的方法对于摆脱 不良情绪非常有效。
具有否定意义的介词或者介词短 语


above(不低于) against(不同意) at a loss(不知所措) below(不到…), but(除…之外) beyond(超出) but for(要不是) from(阻止,使…不做某事)






instead of(而不是), in vain(无效,没有), in the dark(一点也不知道) in the dark about(对…不知), out of(不在…里面,不在…状态), out of the question(不可能) past(超过)without(没有) under(在…之下,不足) within(不超出)


One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for. 2006 菜园不应该种的太大,使人 无法照料。


Another character among the list of ill-mannered employees is Sally, who seems to regard just being at work as a severe punishment. 2008

The book is anything but a success.
other than;rather than 结构

而不是;


Job seekers must learn how to use the Internet as a tool,rather than just relying on it as a means for submitting electronic resumes. 2006 求职者得学会如何把因特网作为工 具使用,而不是仅仅靠它来提交电 子简历。

more than 还有“超过,不仅,不止于 此,不止是”之意。此时,more than 不表示具体比较的意思;than 后可接名 词、动词、或其它词及短语,在句中作 定语或状语。如:

He is more than a teacher. He is also a musican.

anything but…结构:anything but…结构 表示否定意义,常常翻译为“绝对不, 根本不,一点也不”。

因此,在一些发达国家中当鲜黄色 的消防车和救护车疾驰而过时,所 有车辆就会完全停止。(结果)


There never seemed to be enough time to go to church, which disturbed some friends and relatives. 2007 似乎总没有足够时间去作礼拜,这 使得一些朋友亲戚感到不安。


With population growth in an evershortening cycle, it is rather doubtful whether the earth can provide enough food for mankind. 2002 随着人口增长的周期日益缩短,地 球是否能够为人类提供足够的食物 变得疑问重重。



首先用代词it代表That he enjoyed the food very much 得到:it appeared to me 然后将That he enjoyed the food very much放在句末 得到:It appeared to me that that he enjoyed the food very much.
用it 作形式宾语的句子



在翻译的时候,that所引导的宾语从句一 般可按英语原文顺序翻译;it有时候可以 不用翻译。 I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning. 我向他们讲清楚了的,他们必须在上午 十时前交卷。(it没有翻译)
否定结构的翻译
形式肯定但意义否定:

英语中有些句子虽然以肯定形式出现, 但表达的却是否定的意义。翻译时要按 其隐含的否定意义译成汉语中的否定句 。
more than... (can)…的结构


more than can…这个结构本身是英语的 肯定结构,因为英语中没有任何否定词 出现。但是这个结构具有肯定意义,所 以需要翻译为汉语的否定句。more than can…在意义上相当于英语的can not…, 可以翻译为“简直不,无法,难以”; I love you more than i can say!Leabharlann 用it作形式主语的主语从句

可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前 面去翻译。
链接:形式主语



that引导的主语从句如果较长,常用代词 it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于 句尾,以保持句式的平衡。 That he enjoyed the food very much appeared to me. (主语太长,头重脚轻) It appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.

So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced countries are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop traffic dead. 2005


Rush: v. 跑(匆忙地) Rush hours;


Ill: adj. 生病的;(表语) I am ill; an ill boy; (X) 邪恶的;(定语) Ill-:否定;

表现差的员工的另一种典型是像塞莉一 样的员工,她将上班看作对她的一种严 厉惩罚。(重复先行词)
3. 融合
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