英语句法基本知识 一． 英语基本句型 I． 主语+系动词(linking verb)+表语 ◆⑴表示主语的状态、特征合身份的系动词be，look，seem，appear ，feel，smell，taste，sound； ★常见的系动词有 ◆⑵表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果的系动词become，turn ，come。go，get，grow，fall，prove； ◆⑶表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词keep，remain，stay，stand，lie, hold；
★常用作表语的词有:名词, 形容词, 非谓语动词, 介词短语, 从句等。如： 1．Seeing is believing. (_______ 充当主语和表语) 2．To see is to believe. (_______ 充当主语和表语) 3．She is disappointed at the disappointing news. 4．It doesn’t look as if we’ll be moving after all. 看起来我们还是不能搬迁。 5．The classroom looks amazing. 6．That looks like an amazing classroom. That looks an amazing classroom. 7． brilliant. It sounded /seemed like a brilliant idea. a brilliant idea. 8．It always seemed /sounded as though they would get married. 9．I seem to have left my book at home. 10．It seems that we still have a long way to go to catch up with the developed countries.要赶上发达国家我们似乎还有好长一段路要走。 11．There seems no need to be nervous about the first day at Senior High. 12．She didn’t appear embarrassed at the embarrassing moment.. 13．The retired worker appears an enthusiastic person. 那个退休工人似乎是个热心肠。 14．She appears to be in her late thirties. 15．It appears (that) there has been some misunderstanding between us. There appears to have been some misunderstanding between us. 看来我们之间一直有误会 16．You’ll feel better after a good night’s sleep. 17．Foreign guests feel amazed at the rapid development of China. 外宾对中国的快速发展感到惊叹。 18．Luckily, I was feeling in a good mood. 19．Standing there on the stage I felt a complete fool. 站在台上我感觉自己是十足的傻瓜。 20．I felt like a complete fool. 21．Her head felt as if / though it would burst. 22．This wallet feels (to me) like leather. 我觉得这钱包是皮的。 23．It will be difficult for him to become a doctor. It will be difficult for him to turn doctor. 24．She turns 21 in June. 25．His dream of becoming President has come true. 26．Something has gone wrong with our TV. 27．You’ll soon get used to the climate here. 28．We ought to go; it’s getting late. 29．They plan to get married in the summer. get angry/bored/hungry/fat/dressed/undressed 30．As time went on he grew more and more patient. 31．Mother had fallen asleep on the sofa before I got home. 32．At the teacher’s entry everyone fell silent. 33．This book will prove (to be) of great use to you in your studies. 这本书将来会证明对你的学习很有用。
34．It is also bad manners to keep silent when teachers ask you questions. 35．Train fares are likely to remain unchanged. 火车票价很可能保持不变。 36．In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends. 尽管他们争吵过，他们仍是好朋友。 remain silent/standing/seated/untouched 37．He never stays angry for long. 38．The store stays open until late on Thursday. 39．The house stood empty for a long time. 40．My hometown lies on the coast. 41．The same argument doesn’t hold good in all cases. 同一论点并非对所有情况都适用。 42．What he said about you also holds true for the other comrades.
II． 主语+动词(intransitive verb) 这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有直接宾语，但常带有状语。如：
1. The smell disappeared quite quickly. 2. He behaves in a serious and polite manner in his maths lessons. 他在数学课上表现得严肃而有礼貌。
III． 主语+动词（transitive verb）+宾语 这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，它必须带有自己的宾语。在英文中，当一个动词（包括单个动词和动词短语）作及物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语（除非宾语在上下 文里很明确地提到过，为避免不必要的重复，才会省去），否则会视为“句子不完整”。如：
1. She has the biggest smile in the world. 2. We’ are studying Chinese, maths, English and so on this term. IV． 主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 A：接双宾语~ sb. sth.的动词，可转换为~ sth. to sb. 的：give, bring , take , send , pass ,hand , show , leave , lend , rent , offer , pay , owe , return , read , tell , write , promise , recommend B：接双宾语~ sb. sth.的动词，可转换为~ sth. for sb. 的：get , buy , cook , order , make , find , draw , spare , do sb. a favordo a favor for sb. 注：do sb. good/harmdo good/harm to sb. eg: 1. Will you rent me this television? Will you rent this television to me? 2. The company offered me a job. The company offered a job to me. 3. You haven’t paid me the money you owe me. You haven’t paid the money you owe me to me. 4. He owes his father ￡50. He owes ￡50 to his father. 5. Please return me my ＄100. Please return my ＄100 to me. 6． Please read us a story. Please read a story to us. 7. The firm promised. The workers a wage increase. The firm promised a wage increase to the workers 8. I have promised my wife a trip to Hongkong. I have promised a trip to Hongkong to my wife. 9. Can you recommend me a good novel? Can you recommend a good novel to me? 你能推荐一本好小说给我吗？
10. Can I get you a drink? Can I get a drink for you? 11. He bought me a gift on my birthday. He bought a gift for me on my birthday. 12. Mother cooks me my dinner every day. Mother cooks my dinner for me every day. 13. He ordered himself three shirts. He ordered three shirts for himself. 14. I made myself a cup of coffee. I made a cup of coffee for myself. 15. Will you please spare me a few minutes? Will you please spare a few minutes for me? 15. Will you please do me a favor? Will you please do a favor for me?