因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态。
被动语态的构成
被动语态基本构成：be+过去分词
时间
一般
进行
完成
现在 过去 将来
过去将来
am/is/are asked 被问
am/is/are being
asked 正在被问
have/has been asked 已经被问过
was/were asked （过去）被问
was/were being
过去时态：was/were +过去分词
2、John ___ , for he went swimming yesterday without
permission.
would punished B. had punished
C. punished
D. was punished
现在进行时态：am/is/are +being +过去分词
A. invited
B. had invited
C. was inviting D. would be invited
现在完成时态：have/has + been +过去分词
7、With the help of the Hope Project, more and more new schools _____ in the poor area.
A. built
B. have built
C. have been built D. have been building
过去完成时态：had + bst do it at once. → It must be done at once.
各种时态的被动结构练习
一般时态：am/is/are +过去分词
1、The Chinese food _____ to be the healthiest in the world. A. considers B. is considering C. is considered D. has considered
❖ 3 SVOC句型的被动结构 SVOC句型中的谓语动词为复宾及物动词，其被动结构是：
S + V(被动式) + C(主语补足语) (+ by短语)。
People usually call me Jim for short. →
I am usually called Jim for short 在被动句中作主语补足语的不定式一律要带to，不论其作宾 语补足语时是否带to ❖ 4 短语动词的被动结构 短语动词的被动结构是：S + V(被动式) + 介词/副词 (+ by短 语)。
4、Mr. Wu was in hospital . when we went to see him , he
____on .
A. operated
B. was operated
C. was operating D. was being operated
一般将来时态：will + be+过去分词
5、The new school ______ when the new term begins.
SVoO句型中的谓语动词为双宾及物动词，其被动结构是： S + V(被动式) + O/o(保留宾语) (+ by短语)。
My aunt gave me an apple. → * I was given an apple. An apple was given to me.
一般把间接宾语（表示人）作为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语（表示物）作为保留 宾语。如果把直接宾语作为被动句的主语，则间接宾语作为保留宾语，它的前面 通常要用介词to或for（视动词而定）
在将含有短语动词的主动句转换成被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副 词（如以上句中的for, off, of）不能遗漏。
We have sent for a doctor. →
A doctor has been sent for ❖ 5 带情态动词的被动结构
带情态动词的被动结构是：S + V(情态动词+主要动词的被动式) (+ by短语)
Welcome
［复习要点］
主动语态
英语的谓语动词有两种语态
被动语态
（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。）
Tom broke the window. （主动语态）
①②
③
The window was broken by Tom. （被动语态）
③
②
①
从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中 变成了短语by Tom，主动句中的宾语the window变成了被 动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，
常见的被动结构
❖ 1 SVO句型的被动结构
SVO句型中的谓语为单宾及物动词，其被动结构是： S + V(被动式) (+ by短语)。
He wrote the book two years ago. →
. The book was written by him two years ago
❖ .2 SVoO句型的被动结构
A. finishes
B. will finish
C. will be finished D. would finish
过去将来时态：would + be+过去分词
6、The old scientist said that he __ to visit their country
before long .
3、---- Have you moved into the new house ?
---- Not yet .Rooms _______.
A. are painting
B. are painted
C. are being painting D. are being painted
过去进行时态：was/were + being +过去分词
asked （过去）正被问
had been asked （过去）已被问过
shall/will be asked 将要被问
1．被动语态的各种时态均由助动词be的 变化构成。
2．被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动
词或第一个助动词构成。
should/would be asked （过去）将要被问
3.人称和时态的变化体现在be动词上，而 过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。