2019年中考英语被动语态专题(详细语法讲解+真题实战练习)一、课程介绍知识点：①一般现在时被动语态②一般过去时被动语态③一般将来时被动语态④含情态动词的被动语态⑤主动语态变被动语态几种特殊情况教学重点：①一般现在时被动语态②一般过去时被动语态③一般将来时被动语态教学难点：①主动和被动情况的判定②被动语态某些特殊情况二、知识精要语态概述:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
①主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
e.g. Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
②被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
e.g. Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
e.g. Many trees are planted by people every year.③主动语态和被动语态的转换a. 将主语句的宾语变为被动句的主语，若主动句的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。
b. 谓语动词变为被动形式，即be+及物动词的过去分词形式，注意时态保持一致c. 将主动句的主语与变为被动句的宾语，主格变为宾格，并由by引导主语为动作的承受者时，表示被动语态。
Tom eats an apple. (主动语态）An apple is eaten by Tom. (被动语态)1、一般现在时被动语态一般现在时被动语态结构：am／is／are＋donee.g. We’re influenced by his ideas.我们仍然被他的思想所影响e.g. It is still read and loved by people all over the world.它仍然被全世界的人们所读和喜爱。
2、一般过去时被动语态一般过去时被动语态结构：was／were＋donee.g. In those days, books were only produced one at a time by hand.在那个年代，书是靠手工制作的，一次只能制作一本3、一般将来时被动语态一般将来时被动语态结构：will be＋donee.g. Their photos will be put up on the school website.他们的照片将被公布在学校的网站上书将会被网络取代吗？e.g. Will books be replaced by the internet?4、情态动词被动语态情态动词被动语态结构：情态动词（can\must\should等）+ donee.g. This watch can be repaired in two days.这块手表两天以后可以被修好。
e.g. It should be done at once.它应该立即被做。
5、主动语态变被动语态几种特殊情况①含有双宾语的被动语态a. 把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语仍放在动词后不变主动语态：Lucy gives Lily a book.被动语态：Lily is given a book by Lucy.b.用直接宾语作被动句的主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to(在give, pass, lend, write, bring, show,tell, send等动词后)或for(在draw, buy, make, leave, play, order, cook等动词后) 主动语态：Lucy gives Lily a book.被动语态：A book is given a book to Lily by Lucy.②含有复合宾语的被动语态a. 由形容词，名词等作宾语补足语的句子，变为被动语态时，把宾语变为主语，宾补变为主补。
主动语态：Tom calls the cat Mimi.被动语态：The cat is called Mimi by Tom.b. 在主动句中，不定式作感官，使役动词的宾语补足语时，要省略to,但在变为被动语态的时候，要加上to。
如：see, hear, notice, make等。
主动语态：The boss makes the girl work all day.被动语态：The girl is made to work all day by the boss.③表示被动含义的主动动词a. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些系动词常表示被动意义。
常见的有taste (吃起来), sound (听起来), prove (证明是), feel (摸上去感到)等,例如:Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。
b. 一些与can't (不能) 或won't (不会) 连用的动词。
常用的有: lock(锁住), shut (关上) , open(打开), act (上演) 等,例如:The door won't open.这门打不开。
It can't move.它不能动。
c. 一些与well (很), easily (容易地), perfectly (十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell (销售) , wash (洗), clean (打扫), burn (燃烧), cook (煮)等,例如:The book sells well.这种书很畅销。
These clothes wash well.这些衣服很耐洗。
三、要点讲练【要点1】一般现在时被动语态【例题】1、--What tools _______ to make paper cutting?-- Scissors.A. are usedB. usedC. will useD. use【解析】主语tools与谓语动词use的关系是被动，且句子用的是一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被用语态。
【答案】A2、Lady Gaga _________ by many boys and girls at school.A.lovesB.is lovingC.is lovedD.are loved【解析】主语Lady Gaga与谓语动词love的关系是被动，且句子用的是一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被用语态。
【答案】C3、More chances for students to learn from each other if working in groups.A. provideB. are providedC. providedD. will provide【解析】句中主语more chances与动词provide之间为被动关系，句子应用被动语态。
【答案】B【即学即用】用方框所给动词适当形式填空1、The coat _______for keeping water away.2、More and more trees ____________on the mountains every day.3、There’re 50 students in my class and we _________ into 5 groups by Mr. Wu.4、The students often to take good care of their desks and chairs.5、The shirt ______of cotton.【答案】1. is used2. are planted3. are divided4. are told5. is made 【要点2】一般过去时被动语态【例题】1、The mobile phone______ in 1973.A. inventsB. is inventedC. inventedD. was invented【解析】根据语境及时间状语可知被发明发生在过去，且主语与谓语动词表被动关系。
【答案】D2、Emily is glad that she for her honesty at that meeting.A. praisesB. praisedC. is praised D . was praised【解析】句意：埃米莉很高兴在那次会议上她因诚实被表扬。
praises 为动词的第三人称单数形式；praised 表示一般过去时；is praised 是一般现在时的被动语态；was praised 是一般过去时的被动语态。
根据语境可知被表扬发生在过去，故选D 。
【答案】D3、Paper first about 2，000 years ago in China.A. is; creatingB. is; createdC. has; created D . was; created【解析】首先，句中的... ago 是一般过去时的标志；其次，“纸”和“制造”之间是被动关系。
因此本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是：was/were + 过去分词。
【答案】D【即学即用】用所给动词适当形式填空①Hero ________ (direct) by Zhang Yimou in 2005.②— What were the children doing over there?— They ___________(choose) to welcome the 41st World Earth Day.③When the car (invent)?④A stranger________(see) to go into the teachers’ room just now.⑤The fashionable dress __________ (design) by Cheng Yifei last year.【答案】①was directed ②were chosen ③was invented④was seen ⑤was designed【要点3】一般将来时被动语态1、The museum_______ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festival.A.is decoratedB. will decoratedC. is decoratingD. will be decorated【解析】句意：根据时间状语next month，用一般将来时态，又由句意知，用被动语态。