雅思强化写作精讲班第 7 讲讲义
复杂句的六种内在关系
如何写复杂句
（A）IELTS 作文复杂句的六种内在关系
1 cause and effect 因果关系
标志词 1）表示原因的 as ,since ; due to , owing to
2）表示结果的 hence(因此)， thus(因此) ， therefore（因此）As a consequence,…（作为结果） As a result,…（作为结果）Consequently…（作为结果）
3） thereby( 以此达到……的目的)
1 The ecological problems are being aggravated ; hence , it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment.
2 The government should raise the public awareness of environmental preservation, thereby promoting sustainable development and creating a more livable environment.
2 exemplification 举例关系
标志词Take…for example.(以……为例)for instance,（比如……）To illustrate,…(例如…..)As an apt illustration,…（作为例证,……）Consider, for example…(以……为例)
1 The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. Take China for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is common for them to choose Hollywood blockbusters over domestic films.
2 Animals are humans’ companions. To illustrate, dolphins often rescue sailors from sinking ships.
3 comparison and contrast 对比关系
标志词while…/ whilst… /whereas…By contrast,…
1While/ Whilst modern man leads a stressful life, our ancestors could often perform their business in a leisurely fashion.
2The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.
4 Concession让步关系
标志词Despite/In spite of/Notwithstanding…(尽管…) Nonetheless/ Nevertheless， (尽管如此)Even
though…(尽管) = Although
1 In spite of the disadvantages animal experimentation can bring about, many scientists insist on continuing this practice.
2 The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.
5 Supposition 假设论证
标志词provided that…（如果）If …
1 Provided that we can minimize the pain of test animals, animal experimentation should be continued.
2 If large companies are moved to the countryside, the traffic congestion in cities will be alleviated substantially.
6 Modification 修饰关系that, who, which
1 In this day and age, we have a proliferation of buildings that look exactly like the buildings our ancestors built.
2 Today, teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies, which has disturbed and alarmed many adults.。