现在完成时的含义
1. 表示已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响 或结果
e.g. I have cleaned the classroom, so it is clean. 2. 表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作 e.g. We have learned English since six years ago.
Tibet Shanghai
Beijing
Hainan
标志词:
already:
多用于陈述句，位于have/has后，有时位于句末。
e.g. I have already finished my homework.
yet:
ever :
never: just :
before:
用于疑问句和否定句，位于句尾。 e.g. Have you found your lost book yet ? I haven't had breakfast yet. 多用于疑问句，问初次经历。 e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing? 用于否定句，位于have/has后 e.g. He has never argued with other people. 多用于陈述句，位于have/has后 e.g. Lucy has just washed her clothes. 用于各种句式，常放在句尾。 e.g. I have read this book before.
so far, once/twice/ three times ,all one's life in the past three years e.g. They have learnt 2000 words so far. Tom has seen the film twice. Her father has worked in the factory all his life. e.g. They have built many high buildings in the past three years.
现在完成时的构成： have/has + 动词的过去分词
注：动词过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化， 规则变化的动词过去分词与过去式是一样的，不 规则变化的动词须特殊记忆。
A: Where have you ever been? B: I’ve already/just been to ….But I haven’t been to…yet./ I have never been to...yet.
注意：表示短暂动作的瞬间性动词，如come、go、buy等的完成时态 就不能与for、 since 等表示一段时间的状语连用，但可以与这类词 相应的延续性动词或短语连用。
瞬间动词的用法口诀；现在完成在瞬间，非延只连时间点， 终止 须转换，否定方可碰一段 说明： 1 瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词或终止性动词，它可以有 现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间；如果要接一段时间， 就必须把它转换成相应的延续性动词。 2 瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式中可以接一段时间。
8 die
9 buy
have been dead have had
have been married
10become have been
在现在完成时态中，短暂性动词不能持续，不 能与for和since引导的时间状语连用，因此， 得把短暂性动词转化为延续性动词短语。
无标志词的：
e.g. He is not feeling well now. He has caught a cold. I have lost the key. I can't go into my room.
Since 和 for的区别：
1）for +一段时间 e.g. We have lived in this city for ten years. 2） since +过去点时间 since +一段时间+ago since +从句（从句用一般过去式）
e.g. He has worked here since 1990. She has taught in this school since two years ago. We have known each other since we met.
How long用于对以上两个时间短语提问
for + 一段时间 since +过去时间点/句子(一般过去时）/时间段+ago
现在完成时
Present Perfect Tense
saying: If winter has already come, can spring be far• 现在完成时的含义： 现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时态的标志词： Since 和 for的区别： Has been to 和 has gone to的区别： 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：
1.I have lived here____ since I was born. 2. Bill has slept ____ for three hours and a half. since two days ago. 3. He has been away___ for a long time. 4.We haven’t seen each other____ since nine. 5. They’ve watched TV play_____ since we met last time. 6. It’s five years_____ 7. His parents have been dead _____ several for years.
巧记10个瞬间性动词的转换
“
1 begin 2 leave
have been on
6 finish
have been away from 3 open have been open 4 borrow have kept
5 marry
have been over 7go/come have been in